European countries are currently trying to improve their military capabilities, but experts suggest that current production and purchasing systems are not sufficient to reach these goals.

歐洲國家目前正嘗試提升其軍事能力，但專家建議目前的生產與採購系統不足以達成這些目標。

The recent increase in defense spending is a reaction to the period of military downsizing after the Cold War and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. This change was further caused by doubts about the reliability of security guarantees from the United States. Consequently, governments have taken financial steps to increase spending; for example, Germany changed its laws to allow for more military investment. According to data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 29 European NATO members spent $559 billion on defense last year, with Germany's spending rising by 24% to $114 billion.

近期國防開支的增加，是對冷戰後軍隊縮減以及 2022 年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭的反應。這一轉變 further 是由於對美國安全保證的可靠性產生懷疑。因此，各國政府採取了財務措施以增加開支；例如，德國修改法律以允許更多軍事投資。根據斯德哥爾摩國際和平研究所的數據，29 個歐洲北約成員國去年國防開支達 5,590 億美元，其中德國的開支增長了 24%，達到 1,140 億美元。

However, there is still a gap between strategic goals and actual industrial output. Although companies like Leonardo, Thales, and Rheinmetall have more orders, financial data suggests they are struggling to turn these orders into actual profits. This inefficiency is made worse by the fact that European companies are smaller than American competitors and often focus only on their own national interests. For instance, the failure of the Franco-German Future Combat Air System (FCAS) due to corporate disagreements shows how difficult it is for countries to cooperate when their priorities differ.

然而，戰略目標與實際工業產出之間仍存在差距。雖然 Leonardo、Thales 和 Rheinmetall 等公司接到了更多訂單，但財務數據顯示，他們在將這些訂單轉化為實際利潤方面陷入掙扎。由於歐洲公司規模小於美國競爭對手，且往往僅關注自身的國家利益，使得這種低效率情況更加嚴重。例如，法德未來戰鬥航空系統 (FCAS) 因企業分歧而失敗，顯示出當各國優先事項不同時，合作是多麼困難。

Furthermore, institutional problems in purchasing are slowing down progress. The Norwegian Institute of International Affairs emphasized that the main obstacle is institutional rather than financial, citing a fear of risk and protectionist attitudes. Additionally, research from Bruegel shows that most spending is concentrated among the top ten contractors, which may stop smaller companies from innovating. To solve these issues, some experts propose 'minilateral systems,' where small groups of aligned states work together to create standard equipment and increase production scale.

此外，採購方面的體制問題也拖慢了進度。挪威國際事務研究所強調，主要障礙在於體制而非財務，並指出這是由於對風險的恐懼和保護主義態度。此外，Bruegel 的研究顯示，大部分開支集中在前十大承包商手中，這可能會阻礙小型公司的創新。為了解決這些問題，一些專家建議採用「小多邊系統」，即由一小組志同道合的國家共同合作，創造標準化設備並擴大生產規模。

Europe is currently in a transition period, attempting to balance higher military spending with systemic inefficiencies and conflicting national interests.

歐洲目前處於過渡期，試圖在提高軍事開支、體制低效率與衝突的國家利益之間取得平衡。