This report examines how extreme heat affects the body, explaining the differences between heat exhaustion and heatstroke while providing medical treatments and prevention methods.

本報告探討極端高溫如何影響身體，解釋熱衰竭與熱射病之間的區別，並提供醫療處理與預防方法。

The main difference between heat exhaustion and heatstroke depends on the person's body temperature and brain function. Heat exhaustion usually involves heavy sweating, nausea, and a fast heart rate, but the person remains aware of their surroundings. In contrast, heatstroke is a medical emergency where the body temperature rises above 40°C, leading to confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness. While some people with heatstroke stop sweating, the most important sign is a change in mental state.

熱衰竭與熱射病的主要區別在於患者的體溫與腦功能。熱衰竭通常伴隨大量出汗、噁心及心跳加快，但患者仍保持意識。相比之下，熱射病是一種醫療緊急情況，體溫會升至 40°C 以上，導致意識混亂、抽搐或喪失意識。雖然部分熱射病患者會停止出汗，但最關鍵的跡象是精神狀態的改變。

Environmental factors, such as high humidity and temperature, make it harder for the body to cool down through sweat. This increases the risk of severe heat illness, especially in poorly ventilated areas like crowded gyms. Furthermore, certain groups are more vulnerable, including elderly people—who may not feel thirsty or sweat as much—children, and individuals with heart or kidney problems.

環境因素（如高濕度與高溫）會使身體更難透過出汗來冷卻。這增加了患嚴重熱疾病的風險，尤其是在通風不良的區域，如擁擠的健身房。此外，特定群體較為脆弱，包括可能感覺不到口渴或出汗較少的年長者、兒童，以及患有心臟或腎臟問題的人士。

If heatstroke is suspected, the priority is to cool the patient quickly and call emergency services. Recommended steps include moving the person to a cool area and applying cold packs to the neck, armpits, and groin. Fluids should only be given if the person is conscious. It is important to note that drinking too much plain water without electrolytes can cause a dangerous drop in salt levels. Consequently, using oral rehydration salts or sports drinks is advised to maintain a healthy balance.

若懷疑患有熱射病，首要任務是迅速為患者降溫並撥打急救電話。建議步驟包括將患者移至陰涼處，並在頸部、腋下和鼠蹊部使用冷敷包。僅在患者意識清醒時才可提供液體。重要的是，在缺乏電解質的情況下飲用過多純水可能會導致血鈉濃度危險下降。因此，建議使用口服補液鹽或運動飲料以維持健康的平衡。

Managing heat-related illnesses requires a clear understanding of how symptoms progress and the use of fast cooling and balanced hydration techniques.

管理熱相關疾病需要清楚了解症狀的進展，並運用快速降溫與平衡補水的技巧。