Ten years after the 2016 referendum, the United Kingdom is still dealing with the social, political, and economic effects of leaving the European Union.

在 2016 年全民公投十年後，英國仍在使用於處理離開歐盟所帶來的社會、政治與經濟影響。

The reasons for the UK's withdrawal are based on a long-term disagreement about European integration that began in the 1950s. For example, France blocked the UK from joining in the 1960s, and although a 1975 referendum supported membership, tensions grew later. When the European Economic Community became the European Union in 1993, it changed from a trade group into a political organization. This caused arguments about national sovereignty, which was clearly seen when Margaret Thatcher opposed the euro, eventually leading to her departure from power.

英國撤出的原因基於對歐洲整合的長期分歧，這始於 1950 年代。例如，法國在 1960 年代阻止英國加入，儘管 1975 年的公投支持成員身份，但隨後緊張局勢加劇。當歐洲經濟共同體在 1993 年變為歐盟時，它從一個貿易組織轉變為一個政治組織。這引起了關於國家主權的爭論，最明顯的體現便是瑪格麗特·柴契爾反對歐元，最終導致其下台。

The 2016 referendum highlighted deep divisions within the country. While the 'Remain' campaign was supported by politicians and wealthy professionals, the 'Leave' campaign attracted people who felt ignored by the economy and dissatisfied with culture. This created a clear gap between the wealthy southeast and the poorer north. Consequently, the process of leaving was slow and faced resistance from the courts and government officials until Boris Johnson won the 2019 election.

2016 年的公投凸顯了國內的深層分歧。「留在」陣營得到了政治人物與富裕專業人士的支持，而「脫離」陣營則吸引了那些感到被經濟忽略且對文化不滿的人。這在富裕的東南部與較貧窮的北部之間造成了明顯的差距。因此，脫歐過程緩慢，且一直面臨法院與政府官員的抵制，直到鮑里斯·強森在 2019 年贏得選舉。

From the EU's perspective, the withdrawal was handled professionally. The EU remained firm during negotiations and refused to let the UK choose only the benefits of membership. Analysts emphasize that the final Trade and Cooperation Agreement favors the EU. Furthermore, without the UK—which often blocked deeper integration—the EU has more easily adopted shared borrowing and joint defense projects. Meanwhile, the UK has become less attractive to Europeans; for instance, EU student enrollments fell by 58% in 2023-24 compared to when there was free movement.

從歐盟的角度來看，撤出過程處理得相當專業。歐盟在談判期間保持強硬，拒絕讓英國僅選擇成員身份的利益。分析師強調，最終的《貿易與合作協定》對歐盟更有利。此外，失去了英國這個經常阻撓深層整合的國家，歐盟更容易採納共同借貸與共同國防計劃。與此同時，英國對歐洲人的吸引力下降；例如，2023-24 年歐盟學生的入學人數比有自由移動時期下降了 58%。

Although current polls and younger people show a growing desire to improve relations, returning to the EU will depend on the UK first achieving a stable and lasting national agreement.

雖然目前的民調與年輕人顯示改善關係的意願正在增加，但重新加入歐盟將取決於英國是否能首先達成一項穩定且持久的國家共識。