New scientific data about the gender balance of Homo naledi and the genetic variety of late Neanderthals have been released from research sites in South Africa and Europe.

來自南非與歐洲的研究場域公布了關於納萊迪人（Homo naledi）的性別比例，以及晚期尼安德塔人遺傳多樣性的新科學數據。

Researchers from the University of Copenhagen analyzed tooth enamel from Homo naledi fossils found in the Rising Star cave system. Their results show that 20 out of 23 individuals were female. While some scientists considered if the proteins had simply broken down, they decided this was unlikely. Consequently, experts disagree on what this means. Lee Berger asserts that this evidence shows the intentional burial of females, whereas other scholars emphasize that the results might be due to the physical layout of the cave or specific hunting patterns. However, the presence of young females makes the hunting theory less likely, as this is unusual for primate groups.

哥本哈根大學的研究人員分析了在「上升之星」洞穴系統發現的納萊迪人牙釉質。結果顯示 23 個樣本中有 20 個為女性。雖然部分科學家考慮是否僅因蛋白質分解，但他們認為這不太可能。因此，專家對於此結果的含義持有分歧。Lee Berger 主張此證據顯示是刻意埋葬女性，而其他學者則強調結果可能源於洞穴的物理佈局或特定的狩獵模式。然而，由於出現了年輕女性，使得狩獵理論的可能性降低，因為這在靈長類群體中並不常見。

Furthermore, new genetic sequencing of 27 Neanderthal specimens from Belgium and France has changed previous ideas about why the species went extinct. Data from the Max Planck Institute show that Neanderthals in north-western Europe had significant genetic diversity. This contradicts the idea that widespread inbreeding caused their disappearance. Interestingly, these populations showed no genetic mixing with Homo sapiens, even though both species lived in Europe at the same time. This suggests that interbreeding was either limited by geography or prevented by social and biological differences.

此外，針對來自比利時與法國的 27 件尼安德塔人標本進行的新基因定序，改變了先前關於該物種為何滅絕的觀點。馬克斯·普朗克研究所的數據顯示，西北歐的尼安德塔人具有顯著的遺傳多樣性。這反駁了大規模近親交配導致其消失的觀點。有趣的是，儘管兩個物種當時都生活在歐洲，但這些族群與智人（Homo sapiens）之間沒有基因混合。這顯示雜交可能受到地理限制，或是被社交與生物學差異所阻隔。

In summary, current findings reveal an unusual group of only female H. naledi and a genetically strong, but isolated, population of late Neanderthals in north-western Europe.

總結來說，目前的發現揭示了一個異常的純女性納萊迪人群體，以及一個在西北歐遺傳強大但卻孤立的晚期尼安德塔人族群。