A critical review published in the journal Nature has questioned the evidence behind Microsoft's quantum computing hardware, specifically the Majorana 1 and 2 chips.

在《自然》期刊發表的一篇評論質疑了微軟量子計算硬體（特別是 Majorana 1 和 2 晶片）背後的證據。

The dispute focuses on whether Microsoft has actually created Majorana particles, which the company wants to use to build 'topological qubits.' In theory, these qubits would be more stable and have fewer errors than the systems used by competitors like IBM and Google. However, Dr. Henry Legg from the University of St. Andrews argues that Microsoft has not provided clear proof of these particles. He suggests that the signals Microsoft identified as Majorana particles might actually be caused by random noise or other quantum effects. Furthermore, he claims that the company may have selectively reported its data.

爭論的焦點在於微軟是否真的創造了馬約拉納粒子（Majorana particles），該公司希望利用這些粒子來構建「拓撲量子位元」。理論上，這些量子位元會比 IBM 和 Google 等競爭對手使用的系統更穩定且錯誤率更低。然而，聖安德魯斯大學的 Henry Legg 博士認為微軟並未提供這些粒子的明確證據。他指出，微軟認定為馬約拉納粒子的訊號，實際上可能是由隨機噪音或其他量子效應引起的。此外，他聲稱該公司可能選擇性地報告了數據。

This lack of trust is increased by the fact that some previous research supported by Microsoft was retracted or corrected in major scientific journals. While Microsoft says these errors happened in external research, critics argue that the company lacks a solid experimental basis. In response, Microsoft has defended its software as a useful tool and insists that its hardware works. To resolve these transparency issues, the company has sent its data to DARPA for an independent review, explaining that it cannot release all the information to the public for commercial reasons.

由於先前部分由微軟支持的研究在主要科學期刊中被撤回或修正，這加劇了缺乏信任的情況。雖然微軟表示這些錯誤發生在外部研究中，但批評者認為該公司缺乏堅實的實驗基礎。對此，微軟為其軟體辯護，稱其為有用工具，並堅持其硬體運作正常。為了擬解決這些透明度問題，該公司已將數據發送給 DARPA 進行獨立審查，並解釋出於商業原因，無法向公眾發布所有資訊。

This technical disagreement is happening while the U.S. government is investing $2 billion into quantum development, with a goal of having a working scientific system by 2028. Despite the criticism, Microsoft is continuing its plans and expects to deliver a scalable quantum computer by 2029.

這次技術分歧正值美國政府投資 20 億美元發展量子的時刻，目標是在 2028 年前擁有一個可運作的科學系統。儘管面臨批評，微軟仍在繼續其計劃，並預計在 2029 年前交付一台可擴展的量子電腦。

Microsoft continues to insist that its quantum development plan is correct, even though academic experts still disagree on whether its topological qubits actually exist.

儘管學術專家對於拓撲量子位元是否真的存在依然存在分歧，微軟仍堅持其量子發展計劃是正確的。