The United States Supreme Court has decided that state laws requiring people with concealed-carry permits to get a business owner's permission before entering private shops are unconstitutional.

美國最高法院裁定，州法律要求持有隱蔽攜帶許可證的人在進入私人商店前必須獲得業主許可，此做法屬違憲。

In the case of Wolford v. Lopez, the Court ruled 6-3 against a Hawaii law that banned carrying firearms in private places open to the public, such as restaurants and stores, unless the owner agreed. Justice Samuel Alito emphasized that these rules create an unfair burden on the Second Amendment right to self-defense during everyday activities. Consequently, this decision cancels similar laws in California, New York, New Jersey, and Maryland, whereas the other 45 states generally allow carrying firearms in these areas unless the owner says otherwise.

在 Wolford v. Lopez 一案中，法院以 6 比 3 的票數裁定夏威夷州的一項法律違憲。該法律禁止在對公眾開放的私人場所（如餐廳和商店）攜帶槍械，除非業主同意。大法官 Samuel Alito 強調，這些規定在日常活動中，對第二修正案所賦予的自衛權造成了不公平的負擔。因此，此裁決也廢除了加州、紐約州、紐澤西州和馬里蘭州的類似法律，而其餘 45 個州通常允許在這些區域攜帶槍械，除非業主另有規定。

The Court based its decision on a previous 2022 case, which requires gun laws to follow the nation's historical traditions. Although Hawaii pointed to old colonial laws as examples, the majority rejected these, arguing they were about hunting rather than modern public carry. However, the dissenting justices argued that the majority ignored property rights and the authority of the state to regulate safety in order to prioritize firearm access.

法院的裁決基於 2022 年的一宗前例，要求槍械法律必須符合國家的歷史傳統。雖然夏威夷州引用舊殖民地法律作為例證，但多數派法官予以拒絕，認為那些法律是關於狩獵而非現代的公共攜帶。然而，持反對意見的法官則認為，多數派忽略了財產權以及州政府為了維護安全而進行監管的權限，過度優先考慮槍械獲取權。

Additionally, the Court ruled unanimously in the Hemani case that federal law cannot be used to take away firearms from people just because they use marijuana, provided they are not currently under the influence. Meanwhile, some states have banned certain pistols that can be converted into machine guns. The Department of Justice has suggested it may take legal action against California, asserting that these bans violate constitutional protections.

此外，法院在 Hemani 案中一致裁定，聯邦法律不能僅因個人使用大麻就沒收其槍械，前提是該人目前未處於藥物影響之下。與此同時，部分州禁售某些可轉換為機槍的手槍。司法部暗示可能會對加州採取法律行動，聲稱這些禁令違反了憲法保障。

The court has increased the protections of the Second Amendment in public private spaces and limited the government's power to disarm drug users.

法院強化了在私人公共空間對第二修正案的保障，並限制了政府沒收藥物使用者槍械的權力。