NCERT Adds 1975-1977 National Emergency to Class 9 Curriculum

NCERT 將 1975-1977 年國家緊急狀態加入九年級課程

Jun 25, 2026, 20:02

Introduction

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has included a detailed study of the 1975-1977 National Emergency in its updated Class 9 Social Science textbook, titled 'Understanding Society: India and Beyond'.

國家教育研究與培訓委員會 (NCERT) 在更新後的九年級社會科學教科書《理解社會：印度及其之外》中，加入了對 1975-1977 年國家緊急狀態的詳細研究。

Main Body

The Emergency period is taught as part of a larger theme called 'Challenges to Democratic Practices in India'. The textbook explains that high inflation, unemployment, and government failures caused widespread public anger. Consequently, on June 25, 1975, President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed declared a state of emergency based on Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's recommendation, citing 'internal disturbance'. During this time, fundamental rights were suspended, the press was censored, and political opponents were imprisoned. The text also highlights the resistance led by Jayaprakash Narayan and his 'Total Revolution' movement, which organized significant opposition in Bihar. The return to democracy in 1977 and the government's electoral defeat are presented as proof that constitutional protections and elections are essential.

緊急狀態時期被視為「印度民主實踐的挑戰」這一大主題的一部分。教科書解釋，高通貨膨脹、失業與政府失能導致了廣泛的公眾憤怒。因此，在 1975 年 6 月 25 日，總統 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 根據總理 Indira Gandhi 的建議，以「內部動盪」為由宣布進入緊急狀態。在此期間，基本權利被暫停，新聞遭到審查，政治對手被監禁。課本還強調了由 Jayaprakash Narayan 領導的反抗運動及其「全面革命」運動，該運動在比哈爾邦組織了顯著的反對力量。1977 年回歸民主以及政府在選舉中的失敗，被呈現為憲法保障與選舉至關重要的證明。

Furthermore, the new curriculum discusses modern threats to democracy, such as the spread of fake news and misinformation, as well as social inequality and regionalism. However, political reactions to these changes are divided. Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan and BJP officials emphasized that this move is necessary to teach students about history and prevent authoritarian rule from returning. On the other hand, Congress leader Sachin Pilot asserted that this is a selective version of history, arguing that democratic institutions are currently facing their own serious challenges. Meanwhile, the Shiv Sena (UBT) maintained that the Emergency was a legal use of power intended to prevent total chaos.

此外，新課程討論了現代對民主的威脅，例如假新聞與錯誤資訊的傳播，以及社會不平等與區域主義。然而，政治上對這些變化的反應並不一致。聯邦教育部長 Dharmendra Pradhan 與 BJP 官員強調，此舉對於教導學生歷史並防止獨裁統治回歸是必要的。另一方面，國大黨領袖 Sachin Pilot 則斷言這是選擇性的歷史版本，認為民主制度目前正視自身的嚴重挑戰。與此同時，濕婆軍 (UBT) 則主張緊急狀態是為了防止完全混亂而合法行使的權力。

Conclusion

The NCERT's decision to include the Emergency in the Class 9 syllabus has started a political debate about how to interpret constitutional history and the current health of India's democratic institutions.

NCERT 決定將緊急狀態納入九年級課程，引發了一場關於如何詮釋憲法歷史以及印度民主制度目前健康狀況的政治爭論。

Vocabulary Learning

⚡ The 'Connective Leap': Moving from Basic to Complex Logic

An A2 student usually connects ideas with and, but, or because. To reach B2, you must use Logical Transitions. These are words that tell the reader how two ideas relate, not just that they exist together.

🔍 Analysis from the Text

Look at these two sentences from the article:

"...government failures caused widespread public anger. Consequently, on June 25, 1975..."
"...prevent authoritarian rule from returning. On the other hand, Congress leader Sachin Pilot asserted..."

The B2 Secret:

Consequently $\rightarrow$ This is the professional version of "so." It shows a direct result. Use it when one event forces another to happen.
On the other hand $\rightarrow$ This is the advanced version of "but." It doesn't just disagree; it balances two different perspectives like a scale.

🛠️ Level-Up Table

Instead of... (A2)	Try using... (B2)	Why?
So	Consequently / Therefore	It sounds more academic and certain.
But	However / On the other hand	It signals a shift in perspective.
Also	Furthermore / Moreover	It adds a new, stronger point to your argument.

💡 Practical Application

If you say: "I didn't study, so I failed," you sound like a beginner. If you say: "I didn't study; consequently, I failed," you are demonstrating B2-level structural control.

Pro Tip: Notice how the text uses "Meanwhile" to describe something happening at the same time as another event. This adds a layer of 'simultaneity' that basic English lacks.

Vocabulary Learning

consequently (adv.)

As a result of something that has happened.

Example:The company suffered huge losses; consequently, it had to lay off several employees.

suspended (v.)

To stop something from continuing for a period of time.

Example:The school was suspended for two weeks due to the extreme weather conditions.

censored (v.)

To remove or hide parts of a book, movie, or news report that are considered offensive or politically unacceptable.

Example:The government censored the news report to prevent the public from knowing about the crisis.

essential (adj.)

Completely necessary; extremely important.

Example:Fresh water and nutritious food are essential for a healthy life.

misinformation (n.)

False or inaccurate information that is spread, regardless of whether there is intent to deceive.

Example:The spread of misinformation on social media can lead to widespread panic.

asserted (v.)

To state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully.

Example:The lawyer asserted that her client was innocent despite the evidence.

interpret (v.)

To explain the meaning of something or to understand it in a particular way.

Example:Historians often interpret the same set of events in very different ways.

Practice B2 words in a crossword→