The Chinese Ministry of Commerce has introduced new export controls targeting 40 Japanese organizations. China suspects these entities are helping to improve Japan's military capabilities.

中國商務部推出了新的出口管制，針對 40 個日本機構。中國懷疑這些實體正協助提升日本的軍事能力。

The new regulations divide the 40 organizations into two separate groups. Twenty entities, including the National Institute for Defense Studies and Mitsubishi Electric, have been placed on a control list. This means that exporters are now forbidden from supplying Chinese dual-use goods to these organizations. Meanwhile, another 20 entities, such as Mitsui E&S Co., have been added to a watch list. Consequently, these companies must now provide risk assessment reports and official certificates to prove that the exported items will not be used for military purposes.

新規定將這 40 個機構分為兩個獨立組別。包括國防研究所與三菱電機在內的 20 個實體被列入管制名單。這意味著出口商現在被禁止向這些機構供應中國的雙用途貨品。同時，另外 20 個實體（例如三井 E&S 公司）被列入觀察名單。因此，這些公司現在必須提供風險評估報告與官方證明書，以證明出口項目將不會被用於軍事目的。

These actions are happening because relations between the two countries are worsening. Beijing has criticized Tokyo's security policies, calling them 'new militarism' due to Japan's increased defense spending and the deployment of new missile launchers. Furthermore, tensions have grown after Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi suggested that Japan might work with U.S. forces if Taiwan were blockaded. In response, China is using its position as the world's leading producer of rare earth elements—which are essential for lasers and guidance systems—to put pressure on Japan's defense industry.

採取這些行動是因為兩國關係正在惡化。北京批評東京的安全政策，由於日本增加了國防開支並部署新的飛彈發射器，將其稱為「新軍國主義」。此外，在首相高市早苗暗示如果台灣被封鎖，日本可能會與美國軍隊合作後，緊張局勢進一步升高。作為回應，中國利用其作為全球領先稀土元素生產國的地位——稀土對於雷射與導引系統至關重要——來對日本的國防工業施壓。

Tokyo has officially disagreed with these measures. Chief Cabinet Secretary Minoru Kihara emphasized that the restrictions are unacceptable and do not follow international standards. However, the Chinese Foreign Ministry asserts that the rules are legal and targeted. They maintain that these restrictions do not stop general trade or economic exchanges between the two nations.

東京已正式對這些措施表示異議。內閣官房長官木原稔強調，這些限制是不可接受的，且不符合國際標準。然而，中國外交部主張這些規則合法且具針對性。他們維持觀點，認為這些限制並未停止兩國之間的一般貿易或經濟交流。

China continues to limit the export of critical dual-use technologies to Japan as a reaction to Tokyo's changing defense policies and security alliances in the region.

由於東京在區域內的國防政策與安全同盟有所改變，中國繼續限制向日本出口關鍵的雙用途技術作為回應。