This report describes the main safety rules and risk factors related to summer activities in the United States.

本報告描述了與美國夏季活動相關的主要安全規則與風險因素。

Water safety is a priority that requires both personal skills and careful supervision. The American Red Cross emphasizes five basic skills: being able to go under water and come back up, treading water or floating for one minute, finding the way to an exit, swimming 25 yards without stopping, and exiting the water without using a ladder. To reduce the risk of drowning, especially for children aged one to four—which the CDC identifies as the leading cause of death for this group—experts recommend appointing a sober and focused 'water-watcher.' Furthermore, the National Weather Service uses 122 facilities to predict rip currents. These currents can pull people away from the shore at speeds between one and eight miles per hour. In these situations, the best strategy is to stay afloat and signal for help from lifeguards.

水上安全是首要任務，需要個人技巧與細心的監督。美國紅十字會強調五項基本技能：能夠潛入水下並重新浮起、踩水或漂浮一分鐘、找到出口、不間斷地游泳 25 碼，以及不使用梯子離開水面。為了降低溺水風險，尤其是 1 至 4 歲兒童（CDC 將其列為該年齡組的首要死因），專家建議指定一名清醒且專注的「水上觀察員」。此外，美國國家氣象局使用 122 個設施來預測離岸流。這些海流能以每小時 1 至 8 英里的速度將人拉離海岸。在這種情況下，最佳策略是保持漂浮並向救生員求救。

Heat and biological risks also require specific precautions. Dr. Renee Salas from Harvard Medical School explains that heat exhaustion can cause symptoms like heavy sweating, dizziness, and nausea. She emphasizes that seniors and people with existing health conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, are more vulnerable. The recommended action is to move immediately to a cool, air-conditioned area. Regarding insects, the CDC suggests using permethrin on clothes and DEET on the skin to prevent tick-borne illnesses like Lyme disease, particularly in the Northeast. After spending time outdoors, people should dry their clothes at high heat and check their skin for ticks.

高溫與生物風險也需要採取特定預防措施。哈佛醫學院的 Renee Salas 醫生解釋，熱衰竭可能會導致大量出汗、頭暈和噁心等症狀。她強調，長者及患有糖尿病或心臟病等既有健康狀況的人更為脆弱。建議採取行動是立即移至陰涼、有空調的區域。關於昆蟲，CDC 建議在衣物上使用除蟲菊精 (permethrin) 並在皮膚上使用 DEET，以防止萊姆病等蜱蟲傳染病，尤其是在東北地區。在戶外活動後，人們應使用高溫烘乾衣物並檢查皮膚是否有蜱蟲。

Finally, fire safety during outdoor cooking depends on following the manufacturer's instructions. Experts emphasize placing grills in open-air areas to allow heat to spread safely. If a fire becomes uncontrolled, the primary way to stop it is to cut off the oxygen supply by closing the lids and vents.

最後，戶外烹飪的防火安全取決於是否遵循製造商的說明。專家強調應將烤烤爐放置在露天區域，使熱量能安全散發。如果火勢失控，停止火災的主要方法是通過關閉蓋子和通風口來切斷氧氣供應。

In conclusion, staying safe during the summer requires a combined approach of learning personal skills, using weather forecasts, and following medical and fire safety guidelines.

總之，在夏季保持安全需要結合學習個人技能、利用天氣預報以及遵循醫療與防火安全指南。