This report examines the development of the conflict in the Gaza Strip from October 2023 to July 2026. It describes the military operations, diplomatic attempts to find peace, and the resulting humanitarian crisis.

本報告探討了從2023年10月至2026年7月加薩走廊衝突的發展。文中描述了軍事行動、尋求和平的外交嘗試以及由此導致的人道主義危機。

The conflict began on October 7, 2023, after a Hamas-led operation called 'Al-Aqsa Flood' killed 1,200 Israelis. In response, Israel started 'Operation Swords of Iron,' which involved heavy airstrikes and ground attacks. These operations aimed to destroy Hamas's military power, leading to the occupation of strategic areas. Furthermore, legal challenges began in December 2023 when South Africa accused Israel of genocide at the International Court of Justice, which led to temporary legal measures in March 2024.

衝突始於2023年10月7日，當時由哈瑪斯領導、稱為「阿克薩之洪水」的行動導致1,200名以色列人死亡。作為回應，以色列啟動了「鐵劍行動」，其中包括猛烈的空襲與地面進攻。這些行動旨在摧毀哈瑪斯的軍事力量，導致戰略地區被佔領。此外，法律挑戰於2023年12月開始，當時南非在國際法院指控以色列種族滅絕，導致2024年3月採取了臨時法律措施。

Diplomatic efforts to stop the fighting included several proposals, though many failed. A three-phase plan, supported by the UN Security Council and managed by the US-led 'Board of Peace,' attempted to move toward disarmament and rebuilding. Although a ceasefire began on October 10, 2025, and resulted in the exchange of 20 Israeli captives for 1,968 Palestinian prisoners, the peace remained unstable. Analysts emphasized that the Board of Peace was ineffective because it lacked funding and Israel did not follow the withdrawal rules.

停止戰鬥的外交努力包括了數項提案，但許多都失敗了。一個由聯合國安理會支持、美國領導的「和平委員會」管理的三階段計劃，嘗試推動解除武裝與重建。雖然停火於2025年10月10日開始，並以用1,968名巴勒斯坦囚犯交換20名以色列被擄人員告終，但和平局面依然不穩定。分析師強調，「和平委員會」是失效的，因為其缺乏資金且以色列未遵循撤軍規則。

Meanwhile, Israeli control over the territory has increased. Prime Minister Netanyahu admitted that the occupation grew to 60% of the area by May 2026, and then to 70% by June 2026. This matches statements from Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich about creating security buffers. Consequently, the humanitarian situation has become critical. Reports indicate widespread famine, and UN data shows that 90% of civilian buildings have been destroyed, with repair costs estimated at $70 billion.

與此同時，以色列對該領土的控制有所增加。總理納坦雅胡承認，到2026年5月，佔領範圍已擴大至面積的60%，隨後在2026年6月增加至70%。這與財政部長貝贊萊爾·斯莫特里赫關於建立安全緩衝區的聲明一致。因此，人道主義局勢已變得極其危急。報告指出存在大規模飢荒，且聯合國數據顯示90%的民用建築被毀，估計維修成本達700億美元。

The Gaza Strip remains under strong Israeli military control. The current ceasefire framework is largely failing, and the population is facing a severe food crisis.

加薩走廊仍處於以色列強大的軍事控制之下。目前的停火框架基本上是失敗的，且人口正面臨嚴重的糧食危機。