The United States Supreme Court has ruled 6-3 that states can legally stop transgender student-athletes from competing in sports categories that match their gender identity.

美國最高法院以 6 比 3 的投票結果裁定，州政府可以合法禁止跨性別學生運動員參加與其性別認同相符的體育類別。

The court's decision in the cases of Little v. Hecox and West Virginia v. BPJ states that the 14th Amendment and Title IX do not prevent states from limiting sports participation to biological sex. Justice Brett Kavanaugh, who wrote the majority opinion, emphasized that state governments and schools have the authority to use medical and scientific data to set these rules. Furthermore, he asserted that courts are not the right place to make individual decisions about which athletes can compete.

法院在 Little v. Hecox 和 West Virginia v. BPJ 等案件中的裁決指出，第 14 修正案和《第九條》(Title IX) 並不阻止州政府將體育參與限制在生理性別之內。撰寫多數意見書的法官 Brett Kavanaugh 強調，州政府和學校有權使用醫療和科學數據來制定這些規則。此外，他主張法院並非決定哪些運動員可以參賽的適當場所。

Different groups have very different reactions to this ruling. Conservative groups, such as the Alliance Defending Freedom, claim the decision is necessary to ensure fair competition and protect biological females from physical risks. On the other hand, lawyers from the ACLU and Lambda Legal argue that this is a major setback for transgender youth. However, they noted that the ruling is narrow, meaning it does not force states to discriminate or remove Title IX protections for transgender students in other school activities.

不同團體對此裁決有截然不同的反應。如 Alliance Defending Freedom 等保守團體聲稱，此決定對於確保公平競爭以及保護生理女性免於身體風險是必要的。另一方面，來自 ACLU 和 Lambda Legal 的律師則認為，這是跨性別青少年的重大挫折。然而，他們指出該裁決範圍較窄，這意味著它不會強制州政府採取歧視行為，或在其他學校活動中移除對跨性別學生的《第九條》保護。

Data shows that while the political debate is intense, the actual number of transgender athletes is quite small. Despite this, the ruling supports 27 states that already have bans in place and puts pressure on states with more inclusive policies. Some have suggested creating separate sports leagues for transgender participants, but human rights organizations oppose this idea because they believe it would further isolate these students.

數據顯示，儘管政治爭論激烈，但跨性別運動員的實際人數相當少。儘管如此，該裁決支持了已經實施禁令的 27 個州，並對政策較包容的州造成壓力。有些人建議為跨性別參與者建立獨立的體育聯賽，但人權組織反對這一想法，因為他們認為這將進一步孤立這些學生。

This ruling moves the power over sports eligibility away from the federal level, leaving individual states and schools to decide the rules for transgender participation.

此裁決將體育參賽資格的決定權從聯邦層面移開，交由各州政府和學校決定跨性別參與的規則。