The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act of 2023 creates a new system for managing data in India. Specifically, Section 36 gives the government the power to force companies and data intermediaries to provide specific information.

2023年《數位個人資料保護法》（DPDP Act）為印度建立了一套新的數據管理系統。特別是第36條，賦予政府權力可以強制公司與數據中間商提供特定資訊。

Supporters of Section 36 argue that this power is necessary to stop corporate negligence and criminal activity. They emphasize that the Data Protection Board needs this tool to access logs and documents during data breaches in sectors like fintech and digital lending. Consequently, this ensures that citizens can get justice and that illegally processed data is deleted. Furthermore, they assert that these powers are similar to those held by the Reserve Bank of India and can be challenged in court under the Constitution.

支持第36條的人認為，這種權力是必要的，可以用來阻止公司疏忽與刑事活動。他們強調數據保護委員會需要這個工具，在金融科技與數位貸款等行業發生數據洩漏時，可以用來獲取日誌與文件。因此，這能確保公民獲得正義，且非法處理的數據會被刪除。此外，他們聲稱這些權力與印度儲備銀行持有的權力相似，且可以根據憲法在法院提出挑戰。

On the other hand, critics argue that the language of the law is too broad, which could lead to the government abusing its power. For instance, new rules expand the definition of 'information' to include software and databases. Moreover, the government can keep these requests secret from the users if it claims national security is at risk. This lack of transparency is concerning, especially when compared to the European Union and Brazil, where stricter rules and independent oversight are used to protect personal data.

另一方面，批評者認為法律條文過於寬泛，可能會導致政府濫用權力。例如，新規則將「資訊」的定義擴大到包括軟體與資料庫。而且，如果政府聲稱國家安全面臨風險，就可以對用戶隱瞞這些請求。這種缺乏透明度的情況令人擔憂，尤其是與歐盟與巴西相比，後者使用更嚴格的規則與獨立監督來保護個人資料。

Currently, the Supreme Court of India is deciding if Section 36 is constitutional. The main legal question is whether the law follows the principles of legality, necessity, and proportionality. While the law exists, many people are calling for reforms because there is no requirement for a judge to approve these requests first. Proposed changes include adding independent oversight for security requests to ensure the government does not have unlimited control.

目前，印度最高法院正在決定第36條是否符合憲法。主要的法律問題是這項法律是否遵循合法性、必要性與比例原則。雖然法律已存在，但許多人正呼籲改革，因為目前並不要求法官先核准這些請求。建議的變更包括為安全請求增加獨立監督，以確保政府不會擁有無限的控制權。

Section 36 remains a subject of debate between the needs of national security and the right to individual privacy. The final decision depends on the court's ruling before the Act is fully implemented in May 2027.

第36條仍是國家安全需求與個人隱私權之間爭論的焦點。最終決定將取決於法院在2027年5月法案全面實施前的裁決。