International and local courts have convicted many Bosnian Serb leaders for the 1995 Srebrenica genocide, while forensic experts continue the difficult work of identifying missing victims.

國際與當地法院已判定多名波士尼亞塞族領導人犯有 1995 年 Srebrenica 種族滅絕罪，而法醫專家則持續進行確認失蹤受害者身分的艱巨工作。

The events began on July 11, 1995, when Bosnian Serb forces, led by General Ratko Mladic, took control of Srebrenica, which the UN had named a 'safe area.' This operation led to the systematic execution of at least 8,372 Bosniak men and boys, while women, children, and the elderly were forced to leave their homes. Consequently, the International Court of Justice officially classified these actions as genocide in 2007, based on evidence provided by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).

事件始於 1995 年 7 月 11 日，當時由 Ratko Mladic 將軍率領的波士尼亞塞族軍隊控制了被聯合國命名為「安全區」的 Srebrenica。這次行動導致至少 8,372 名波士尼亞穆斯林男子與男孩遭到系統性處決，而婦女、兒童及老人則被強迫離開家園。因此，國際法院在 2007 年根據前南斯拉夫刑事國際法庭 (ICTY) 提供的證據，正式將這些行為定義為種族滅絕。

Legal accountability has been pursued through several different court systems. The ICTY convicted high-ranking officials, such as Ratko Mladic and Radovan Karadzic, who both received life sentences. Furthermore, other security chiefs and individuals who helped the genocide were also convicted. Local courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Croatia have also judged lower-level soldiers and paramilitary groups. However, a complete legal resolution has not been reached because Slobodan Milosevic died in 2006 and some suspects are still hiding.

法律追責是透過數個不同的法院系統來進行。ICTY 判定高階官員如 Ratko Mladic 和 Radovan Karadzic 有罪，兩人均被判處終身監禁。此外，其他安全主管及協助種族滅絕的個人亦被定罪。波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納、塞爾維亞及克羅埃西亞的當地法院也對低階士兵和準軍事組織進行了審判。然而，由於 Slobodan Milosevic 於 2006 年去世且部分嫌疑人仍在潛逃，法律上尚未達成完全解決。

Forensic recovery has been difficult because the perpetrators deliberately moved bodies from primary to secondary mass graves to hide the evidence. To date, remains have been found in 150 locations, including 77 mass graves. Although thousands of victims are now buried at the Potocari Memorial Cemetery and other local sites, over 1,000 people are still missing. Experts rely heavily on DNA analysis to identify the victims, although the scattered nature of the remains often means that only partial sets of remains can be buried.

法醫恢復工作十分困難，因為犯罪者刻意將屍體從初次集體墳墓移至二次集體墳墓以掩蓋證據。截至目前，已在 150 個地點發現遺骸，其中包括 77 個集體墳墓。儘管數千名受害者現已安葬在 Potocari 紀念公墓及其他當地地點，但仍有 1,000 多人失蹤。專家高度依賴 DNA 分析來辨識受害者，但由於遺骸分佈零散，通常僅能埋葬部分遺骸。

The Srebrenica genocide remains the most significant legally recognized crime in Europe since World War II, marked by ongoing forensic work and a continuing search for justice.

Srebrenica 種族滅絕仍是第二次世界大戰以來歐洲最嚴重的法律認定罪行，其特點在於持續進行的法醫工作以及對正義的追求。