The global car industry is undergoing a major change. While Chinese electric vehicle (EV) makers are expanding their presence worldwide, established European companies, such as the Volkswagen Group, are being forced to make deep cuts to reduce costs.

全球汽車工業正經歷一場重大變革。當中國電動車（EV）製造商在全球擴大影響力時，如福斯集團（Volkswagen Group）等傳統歐洲公司則被迫大幅削減成本以降低支出。

There is a clear difference in how Chinese and American companies are investing. According to data from Atlas Public Policy, Chinese firms announced about $101 billion in overseas investments for EVs and batteries between 2019 and 2025, which is much higher than the $38 billion invested by U.S. companies. This growth is happening because the Chinese domestic market is full and companies want to avoid trade barriers. For example, by building factories in Hungary, they can sell cars in the European Union without paying high tariffs. Experts emphasize that this strategy helps Chinese firms gain market share and control important technology in robotics and power systems.

中國與美國公司在投資方式上有明顯差異。根據 Atlas Public Policy 的數據，中國公司在 2019 年至 2025 年間，宣布在電動車與電池領域的海外投資約為 1,010 億美元，遠高於美國公司的 380 億美元。這種成長是因為中國國內市場已趨於飽和，公司希望避開貿易壁壘。例如，透過在匈牙利建立工廠，他們可以在無需支付高額關稅的情況下在歐盟銷售汽車。專家強調，此策略有助於中國公司獲取市場份額，並掌控機器人與電力系統等關鍵技術。

At the same time, Volkswagen Group is reorganizing its business because its operating costs are 20% higher than those of its competitors. CEO Oliver Blume stated that the company might need to cut an additional 50,000 jobs, which could bring the total number of lost positions to 100,000. This decision follows a sharp drop in profits, which fell from €22.6 billion in 2023 to €8.9 billion recently. Furthermore, sales in China decreased by 26% in the first half of the year. To improve profits, the group plans to remove about 50% of its car models, focusing only on the most successful ones across its eight brands.

與此同時，福斯集團正對其業務進行重組，因為其營運成本比競爭對手高出 20%。執行長 Oliver Blume 表示，公司可能需要額外裁減 50,000 個職位，這將使總裁員人數達到 100,000 人。此決定源於利潤大幅下滑，從 2023 年的 226 億歐元跌至近期的 89 億歐元。此外，今年上半年的中國市場銷售額下降了 26%。為了提高利潤，該集團計劃取消約 50% 的車款，在其八個品牌中僅專注於最成功的產品。

Additionally, four German factories in Emden, Hanover, Zwickau, and Neckarsulm are in a dangerous position because their future use is not yet confirmed. Although the European Union has introduced tariffs to limit the number of cheap Chinese EVs, the results are mixed. A study by T&E shows that while some Western brands are moving production back to Europe, imports from Chinese firms like BYD and Geely continue to rise. Consequently, there is a risk that Europe could lose its industrial strength due to slow government action and different national strategies regarding subsidies and labor laws.

此外，位於 Emden、Hanover、Zwickau 和 Neckarsulm 的四家德國工廠處境危險，因為其未來用途尚未確定。儘管歐盟引入關稅以限制廉價中國電動車的數量，但結果不一。T&E 的研究顯示，雖然部分西方品牌將生產線遷回歐洲，但如比亞迪（BYD）和吉利（Geely）等中國公司的進口量仍持續上升。因此，由於政府行動緩慢，以及各國在補貼與勞工法方面的策略分歧，歐洲面臨失去工業競爭力的風險。

The automotive sector remains unstable, marked by the rapid global expansion of Chinese EV production and the necessary downsizing of traditional European manufacturers.

汽車產業仍不穩定，其特徵為中國電動車生產的快速全球擴張，以及傳統歐洲製造商必須進行的規模縮減。