Recent international research shows that strategies to prevent dementia must be adapted to specific regions and social conditions because the risk factors that people can change vary significantly across the world.

近期國際研究顯示，預防失智症的策略必須根據特定地區與社會條件進行調整，因為全球各地人們可以改變的風險因素存在顯著差異。

A large study led by the University of Southern California, which included 214,000 older adults from 14 countries, shows that modifiable risk factors differ greatly by location. For example, a lack of education was found in 85.6% of participants in China, compared to only 12.0% in the United States. On the other hand, high Body Mass Index (BMI) affected 44.9% of Americans but only 13.3% of Indian participants. Despite these differences, the researchers emphasized that certain risks often appear together. Specifically, heart-related issues like high blood pressure and high cholesterol, as well as the use of alcohol and tobacco, were common clusters in all regions. This suggests that while the main risks depend on where a person lives, the way these risks group together is similar everywhere.

一項由南加州大學領導的大型研究，對象包括來自14個國家的21.4萬名長者，結果顯示可改變的風險因素隨地點而有極大差異。例如，中國有85.6%的參與者缺乏教育，而美國僅有12.0%。另一方面，高身體質量指數（BMI）影響了44.9%的美國人，但印度參與者僅為13.3%。儘管存在這些差異，研究人員強調某些風險往往共同出現。特別是與心臟相關的問題（如高血壓和高膽固醇），以及酒精和菸草的使用，在所有地區都是常見的聚集因素。這表明，雖然主要風險取決於居住地，但這些風險聚集的方式在各地都是相似的。

Additionally, findings from the Brain Resilience Kenya (BRK) study highlight that social and economic conditions are often more important than single medical events. The data suggest that living in poverty and having limited education for a lifetime may have a stronger impact on memory loss than having had cancer. This indicates a shift toward seeing brain health as the result of a person's environment and social background. Furthermore, experts from NYU Langone pointed out that the quality of social interaction and mental stimulation is essential for protecting the brain. They also noted that chronic stress can cause inflammation, which proves that a holistic approach to lifestyle changes is necessary to maintain brain function.

此外，肯亞大腦韌性（BRK）研究的發現強調，社會和經濟條件通常比單一的醫療事件更重要。數據顯示，長期生活在貧困中且教育程度有限，對記憶力喪失的影響可能比曾患癌症更強。這顯示出將大腦健康視為個人環境與社會背景結果的趨勢。此外，紐約大學朗格尼醫療中心（NYU Langone）的專家指出，社交互動的品質與精神刺激對保護大腦至關重要。他們還指出，慢性壓力會導致發炎，證明必須採取全方位的生活方式改變方案才能維持大腦功能。

The current evidence suggests that a single global plan to prevent dementia is not enough. Instead, we need local strategies that address the specific social and biological risks of different populations.

目前的證據顯示，單一的全球預防失智症計劃是不夠的。相反地，我們需要針對不同族群的特定社會與生物風險，制定在地化的策略。