Archaeologists Identify El-Araj as the Biblical Town of Bethsaida

Introduction

Researchers have announced that El-Araj, located on the northeast coast of the Sea of Galilee, has been identified as the historical site of Bethsaida.

Main Body

The identification of El-Araj as Bethsaida follows a detailed excavation project that began in 2016. The team found a Byzantine-era church, known as the Church of the Apostles, which contains a mosaic identifying Saint Peter as the 'chief of the apostles.' Furthermore, the discovery of Roman-period fishing weights provides clear evidence that fishing was the main economic activity of the settlement. One of the most important finds is a first-century house located beneath the church. This discovery matches eighth-century travel records by Bishop Willibald, who claimed that the church was built over the home of the brothers Peter and Andrew. Although there are no written labels to prove this with absolute certainty, the project leaders emphasize that the location strongly suggests it was Saint Peter's home. In 2025, a wildfire removed thick plants and revealed more ruins, including Roman pottery and a bathhouse. These features match the historical descriptions written by Flavius Josephus. Experts believe the town was eventually abandoned and buried due to a major earthquake in 749 AD. This discovery finally resolves a long academic debate over whether Bethsaida was located at Messadiye, et-Tell, or El-Araj.

Conclusion

By combining physical evidence and historical texts, researchers conclude that El-Araj is the location of the biblical town of Bethsaida.

Learning

⚡ The 'Certainty Scale' Shift

At the A2 level, you usually say things are either TRUE or FALSE. But to reach B2, you must learn to dance in the middle. Professional historians and academics rarely say "This is 100% true." Instead, they use hedging—words that show how sure they are.

Look at the contrast in this text:

  • Low Certainty: "...strongly suggests it was Saint Peter's home."
  • Medium Certainty: "Experts believe the town was eventually abandoned."
  • High Certainty: "...provides clear evidence that fishing was the main economic activity."

🛠️ Upgrading Your Vocabulary

Stop using "I think" for everything. Use these B2-level alternatives found in the logic of the article:

Instead of... (A2)Try this... (B2)Why?
I thinkIt is believed that...It sounds objective and academic.
It showsIt suggests that...It leaves room for a different opinion.
It is a factThere is clear evidence...You are pointing to a reason, not just an opinion.

🔍 The Logic of Evidence

Notice the word "Furthermore."

In A2 English, we use "and" or "also." In B2 English, we use connectors to build a case. When the author says "Furthermore, the discovery of Roman-period fishing weights...", they aren't just adding a fact; they are adding a layer of proof to convince the reader.

B2 Pro Tip: To move from A2 to B2, stop listing facts like a shopping list. Start connecting them like a lawyer.

Example:

  • A2: The house is old. Also, the records say it is Peter's house.
  • B2: The house is ancient; furthermore, historical records suggest it belonged to Peter.

Vocabulary Learning

excavation
the process of carefully digging up archaeological remains
Example:The team carried out a meticulous excavation of the ancient temple.
Byzantine-era
relating to the period of the Byzantine Empire (330‑1453 AD)
Example:The Byzantine-era church still shows intricate mosaics.
mosaic
an artwork made from small pieces of colored material
Example:The mosaic in the hall depicts scenes from the Bible.
fishing
the activity of catching fish
Example:Fishing was the main economic activity of the settlement.
weights
objects used to measure mass or quantity
Example:Roman-period fishing weights were found near the shore.
evidence
facts or information that support a claim or belief
Example:The artifacts provided clear evidence of early Roman presence.
economic
relating to the economy or financial matters
Example:Economic activity in the town was centered on fishing.
activity
something that is done or performed
Example:The community's daily activity involved gathering fish.
first-century
belonging to the years 1‑100 AD
Example:A first-century house was discovered beneath the church.
travel
the act of moving from one place to another
Example:Travel records from the eighth century describe the site.
records
documented accounts or written information
Example:The bishop's records were crucial for the identification.
absolute
complete, not limited or conditional
Example:There is no absolute certainty about the church's age.
certainty
confidence or assurance that something is true
Example:The researchers expressed certainty in their findings.
emphasize
to give special importance or attention to something
Example:The project leaders emphasize the site's significance.
wildfire
an uncontrolled fire that spreads rapidly in vegetation
Example:A wildfire in 2025 revealed new ruins.
ruins
remains of a building or structure that has been destroyed
Example:The ruins included Roman pottery and a bathhouse.
pottery
ceramic objects made by shaping and firing clay
Example:Pottery shards helped date the settlement to the Roman period.
bathhouse
a public building for bathing, often with hot and cold rooms
Example:The bathhouse was a typical feature of Roman towns.
earthquake
a sudden shaking of the ground caused by tectonic movement
Example:An earthquake in 749 AD may have led to the town's abandonment.
academic
relating to education or scholarly study
Example:The debate was an academic one among historians.
debate
a formal discussion or argument about a topic
Example:The debate over the town's location lasted decades.
location
the place or position where something is situated
Example:The location of Bethsaida is now firmly established.
combining
joining or merging two or more elements together
Example:Combining physical evidence with texts clarified the site's history.
physical
relating to the body or tangible matter, not abstract
Example:Physical artifacts support the written records.
texts
written documents or literary works
Example:The texts of Flavius Josephus describe the town in detail.