Robert Coles, a psychiatrist and professor at Harvard University, has died at the age of 97.

哈佛大學精神科醫生兼教授 Robert Coles 已於 97 歲時逝世。

Throughout his career, Professor Coles focused on how children from poor or marginalized backgrounds survive difficult circumstances. He is best known for his five-volume series, 'Children of Crisis' (1967–1978), which examined the psychological effects of racial segregation and poverty. This work earned him a Pulitzer Prize in 1973 and is considered one of the most important nonfiction works of the century. To gather his data, he spent years visiting families and encouraged children to use art to express their feelings.

在他的職業生涯中，Coles 教授專注於研究來自貧困或邊緣化背景的兒童如何在艱困環境中生存。他最著名的作品是五卷本系列《危機中的兒童》（Children of Crisis, 1967–1978），探討了種族隔離與貧窮對心理產生的影響。這部作品使他在 1973 年獲得普立茲獎，並被認為是本世紀最重要的非虛構作品之一。為了收集數據，他花了多年時間探訪家庭，並鼓勵孩子利用藝術來表達情感。

Because of his achievements, Coles received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998 and a MacArthur Foundation grant. At Harvard, he taught psychiatry, medical humanities, and social ethics. He emphasized the importance of moral reflection in his courses. His interest in these topics began in the 1960s while he was serving as an Air Force physician, where he was deeply impressed by the courage of Ruby Bridges during the integration of schools in New Orleans.

由於其成就，Coles 在 1998 年獲得總統自由勳章及麥克阿瑟基金會的資助。在哈佛大學，他教授精神醫學、醫學人文學與社會倫理。他在課程中強調道德反思的重要性。他對這些主題的興趣始於 1960 年代擔任空軍軍醫期間，當時新奧爾良學校實行種族融合，Ruby Bridges 展現的勇氣令他深受感動。

However, not everyone agreed with his methods. Some colleagues, such as Professor Lawrence Kohlberg, argued that Coles' work was more like journalism than strict psychiatric science. Furthermore, Coles admitted that he often felt conflicted about the huge difference between his own wealthy lifestyle and the poverty of the people he studied.

然而，並非所有人都認同他的方法。一些同事（例如 Lawrence Kohlberg 教授）認為 Coles 的工作更像新聞報導而非嚴謹的精神醫學科學。此外，Coles 坦言，他經常對自己富裕的生活方式與研究對象的貧困之間巨大的差異感到矛盾。

Robert Coles passed away on Thursday at a hospice facility in Lincoln, Massachusetts, and is survived by his three sons.

Robert Coles 於週四在麻薩諸塞州林肯的一家安寧療養院逝世，留下三個兒子。