The South African jazz musician and composer Abdullah Ibrahim has died at the age of 91. He is remembered for a long career where he successfully combined African melodies with international jazz styles.

南非爵士音樂家兼作曲家 Abdullah Ibrahim 已於 91 歲去世。他以長期的職業生涯著稱，成功將非洲旋律與國際爵士風格相結合。

Born Adolph Johannes Brand in 1934 in Cape Town, Ibrahim's early music was influenced by church songs and local township dance. He started his professional career at age 15 and later formed the Jazz Epistles in 1959. This group created the first South African modern jazz recording, 'Verse 1,' which mixed New York's 'hard bop' style with traditional African elements.

Ibrahim 於 1934 年出生於開普敦，原名 Adolph Johannes Brand。他早年的音樂受到教會歌曲與當地城鎮舞蹈（township dance）的影響。他在 15 歲時開始專業音樂生涯，隨後於 1959 年組建了 Jazz Epistles。該團體創作了南非首個現代爵士樂錄音 $ ext{''Verse 1''}$，將紐約的 $ ext{''hard bop''}$ 風格與傳統非洲元素融合。

During the 1960s, Ibrahim moved to Europe to seek asylum because of the increasing oppression under the apartheid regime. While in Zurich, he developed a professional relationship with Duke Ellington, who helped him record for the Reprise label and perform at the 1965 Newport Jazz Festival. In 1968, he converted to Islam and changed his name to Abdullah Ibrahim, a change that also reflected a more spiritual direction in his music.

在 1960 年代，由於種族隔離制度下的壓迫日益增加，Ibrahim 移居歐洲尋求庇護。在蘇黎世期間，他與 Duke Ellington 建立了專業合作關係，後者協助他在 Reprise 廠牌錄音，並於 1965 年在 Newport 爵士音樂節演出。1968 年，他改信伊斯蘭教並更名為 Abdullah Ibrahim，這一改變也反映出其音樂走向更深層的靈性方向。

Ibrahim's work was often connected to political struggle. His 1974 song 'Mannenberg' became an unofficial anthem for the anti-apartheid movement and was reportedly listened to by Nelson Mandela in prison. Furthermore, after the 1976 Soweto uprising, Ibrahim officially supported the African National Congress and left South Africa. In his later years, he collaborated with avant-garde artists and wrote music for films, moving from the high energy of his youth toward a more thoughtful and quiet style.

Ibrahim 的作品經常與政治鬥爭聯繫在一起。他 1974 年的歌曲 $ ext{''Mannenberg''}$ 成為了反種族隔離運動的非正式頌歌，據報導 Nelson Mandela 在獄中也聆聽此曲。此外，在 1976 年索維多起義後，Ibrahim 正式支持非洲國民會議並離開南非。在他晚年，他與前衛藝術家合作並為電影創作音樂，從年輕時的高能量轉向一種更深思且寧靜的風格。

Abdullah Ibrahim leaves behind a legacy as a key creator of South African jazz, evolving from a refugee artist into a world-famous composer.

Abdullah Ibrahim 留下了一份遺產，作為南非爵士樂的關鍵創作者，他從一名難民藝術家演變為世界著名的作曲家。