This report examines the serious lack of social housing in Australia and South Africa. It compares these problems with the successful integrated housing model used in Vienna, Austria, and discusses specific redevelopment projects in New South Wales.

本報告研究了澳洲與南非社會住宅嚴重不足的問題。報告將這些問題與奧地利維也納成功的綜合住宅模式進行比較，並討論了新南威爾斯州具體的重建計畫。

The social housing sector in Australia has seen a steady decline, dropping from 4.8% of all housing in 2011 to 4.1% in 2024, which is well below the OECD average of 7%. Consequently, there are long waiting lists, with about 185,000 people nationwide and 69,000 in New South Wales waiting for a home. Homes NSW emphasized that this shortage is caused by rising construction costs after the pandemic and poor maintenance of old buildings. Although the federal government plans to build 55,000 new units by 2029, many advocates assert that this is not enough to keep up with population growth.

澳洲的社會住宅部門呈現持續下降趨勢，從2011年佔所有住宅的4.8%下降至2024年的4.1%，遠低於經濟合作與發展組織（OECD）7%的平均水準。因此，目前有很長的等待名單，全國約有18.5萬人，而新南威爾斯州則有6.9萬人在等待住房。Homes NSW強調，這種短缺是由疫情後建築成本上升以及舊建築維護不周引起的。儘管聯邦政府計劃在2029年前興建5.5萬個新單位，但許多倡導者主張這不足以追上人口增長。

Similar failures are visible in South Africa, where there is a shortage of 2.6 million homes. The government has shifted toward a policy that encourages private companies to provide 'affordable housing'; however, these homes are often too expensive for the average household. In contrast, Vienna, Austria, has a strong system where 43% of housing is subsidized by the state. This model works because of strong political support and a proactive government that manages land to ensure people from different backgrounds live together and are not pushed to the edges of the city.

南非也出現了類似的失敗，當地短缺260萬套住房。政府已將政策轉向鼓勵私人公司提供「可負擔住宅」；然而，這些住宅對一般家庭來說通常太貴。相比之下，奧地利維也納擁有強大的系統，43%的住宅由國家補貼。這個模式之所以有效，是因為有強大的政治支持以及積極管理土地的政府，以確保不同背景的人能共同生活，而不會被推向城市邊緣。

In New South Wales, the Bellambi Estate project shows a move toward 'mixed-tenure' developments. The plan is to replace 465 old homes with up to 2,500 new units. While the total number of social housing units will increase to at least 750, the percentage of social housing in the area will drop from 90% to 30%. Community housing providers argue that this mix reduces social stigma and makes better use of the land. On the other hand, current residents oppose the plan, fearing they will lose their community ties and that private buyers will take over the best coastal views.

在新南威爾斯州，Bellambi Estate項目顯示出向「混合持有權」開發轉型的趨勢。該計劃旨在用最多2,500個新單位取代465棟舊屋。雖然社會住宅單位的總數將增加至至少750個，但該地區社會住宅的比例將從90%下降至30%。社區住宅供應商認為，這種混合模式能減少社會標籤並更有效地利用土地。另一方面，現有居民則反對該計劃，擔心會失去社區聯繫，且私人買家將佔領最佳的海景視野。

Current global trends show a conflict between the need for more high-density social housing and the desire to protect existing communities. Vienna serves as a positive example of how the state can successfully lead this integration.

目前的全球趨勢顯示，對高密度社會住宅的需求與保護現有社區的願望之間存在衝突。維也納是一個正面例子，展示了國家如何能成功領導這種整合。