The United States and Iran have signed a 14-point Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to stop fighting, reopen the Strait of Hormuz, and start a 60-day diplomatic period to solve nuclear and economic problems.

美國與伊朗簽署了一份包含14項要點的諒解備忘錄（MoU），旨在停止戰鬥、重新開放霍爾木茲海峽，並開啟為期60天的外交期間以解決核能與經濟問題。

The agreement, signed digitally by President Donald Trump and President Masoud Pezeshkian, requires an immediate end to military actions on all sides, including in Lebanon. It also aims to restore commercial shipping through the Strait of Hormuz. In return, the United States has removed its naval blockade of Iranian ports and allowed the export of Iranian oil. Furthermore, the U.S. administration has promised to create a reconstruction fund of at least $300 billion with regional partners and to release frozen Iranian assets. Regarding nuclear issues, Tehran has confirmed its commitment to peaceful energy and agreed to reduce the concentration of enriched uranium under international supervision.

該協議由唐納德·川普總統與馬蘇德·佩澤什基安總統以數位方式簽署，要求所有各方立即停止軍事行動，包括在黎巴嫩的行動。協議還旨在恢復通過霍爾木茲海峽的商業航運。作為回報，美國解除了對伊朗港口的海軍封鎖，並允許伊朗出口石油。此外，美國政府承諾將與區域夥伴共同建立一個至少 3,000 億美元的重建基金，並釋放被凍結的伊朗資產。關於核問題，德黑蘭方面確認其對和平利用能源的承諾，並同意在國際監督下降低濃縮鈾的濃度。

However, the implementation of the deal has faced serious problems because Israel was not included in the negotiations. The Israeli government, led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, has rejected the rules concerning Lebanon and continues to keep troops in southern Lebanese security zones. Consequently, this disagreement led to military clashes between the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and Hezbollah. Because of this instability, technical talks scheduled in Switzerland were postponed, and U.S. negotiator Vice President JD Vance delayed his travel due to the dangerous situation on the Lebanese front.

然而，由於以色列未被納入談判，協議的執行面臨嚴重問題。由總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡領導的以色列政府拒絕接受有關黎巴嫩的規定，並繼續在黎巴嫩南部的安全區部署軍隊。因此，這一分歧導致以色列國防軍（IDF）與真主黨之間發生軍事衝突。由於局勢不穩，原定在瑞士舉行的技術磋商被推遲，美國談判代表副總統 JD Vance 亦因黎巴嫩前線的危險情況而延遲行程。

Opinions on the outcome of the conflict differ. The Trump administration emphasized that this MoU is a better alternative to the 2015 nuclear deal, whereas critics in the U.S. Congress and Israel describe it as a surrender. Some analysts suggest that the war has caused a change in Iranian leadership, replacing the older revolutionary group with a professional class of managers. This new leadership successfully used the closure of the Strait of Hormuz as a tool to gain financial benefits and formal recognition of its power in the region.

對於衝突結果的看法不一。川普政府強調，這份諒解備忘錄是 2015 年核協議更好的替代方案，而美國國會與以色列的批評者則將其描述為投降。部分分析師認為，戰爭導致伊朗領導層發生變革，由專業管理階層取代了較早期的革命集團。新領導層成功地將封鎖霍爾木茲海峽作為獲取經濟利益及使其在該地區的權力獲得正式認可的工具。

The current attempt to improve relations remains unstable, as the 60-day negotiation window is threatened by ongoing fighting in Lebanon and deep mutual distrust.

目前改善關係的嘗試仍不穩定，因為 60 天的談判窗口受到黎巴嫩持續戰鬥以及深厚互不信任的威脅。