Recent progress in neurotechnology has moved brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) from experimental research to approved medical use, particularly within the Chinese healthcare system.

神經科技最近的進展，已將腦機介面（BCIs）從實驗研究轉向核准的醫療用途，特別是在中國的醫療體系中。

The official approval of the NEO interface, created by Tsinghua University and Neuracle Technology, shows a clear move toward selling BCIs in China. Unlike the invasive methods used by Neuralink, the NEO device uses electrodes placed on the brain's outer membrane, which reduces the risk of bleeding or tissue damage. This development supports China's national goal to build a world-leading BCI industry by 2030.

由清華大學與 Neuracle Technology 開發的 NEO 介面獲得官方批准，顯示出中國在銷售 BCI 方面有明確的趨勢。與 Neuralink 採用的侵入式方法不同，NEO 設備將電極放置在腦部的外膜上，這降低了出血或組織受損的風險。這一發展支持了中國在 2030 年前建立世界領先 BCI 產業的國家目標。

At the same time, university and private trials have expanded what BCIs can actually do. For example, the BrainGate group has moved beyond simple cursor control to decoding speech sounds. This is seen in the case of Casey Harrell, whose implant allows him to communicate digitally and work professionally. Currently, it is estimated that about 150 people have received implants, using a variety of systems from wireless devices to external electrode caps.

與此同時，大學與私人試驗擴展了 BCI 實際能實現的功能。例如，BrainGate 小組已從簡單的游標控制進展到解碼語音。Casey Harrell 的案例即是如此，他的植入物讓他能以數位方式溝通並進行專業工作。目前估計約有 150 人接受了植入，使用的系統涵蓋了從無線設備到外部電極帽的各種形式。

However, using these interfaces also creates serious risks. Converting brain activity into digital commands requires strict data rules to prevent the theft of private biological information. Furthermore, cybersecurity attacks on devices that control prosthetic limbs could directly threaten patient safety. There is also a lack of long-term data on how long these devices last, especially for patients with ALS, where some interfaces have stopped working for unknown reasons.

然而，使用這些介面也帶來了嚴重風險。將大腦活動轉化為數位指令需要嚴格的數據規範，以防止私人生物資訊被盜。此外，針對控制義肢設備的網路攻擊可能會直接威脅患者安全。目前也缺乏關於這些設備耐用性的長期數據，特別是對 ALS 患者而言，部分介面在原因不明的情況下停止運作。

BCI technology is moving from a small research phase to wider medical use, balancing its great potential to help patients against unsolved security and durability problems.

BCI 技術正從小規模的研究階段轉向更廣泛的醫療用途，在幫助患者的巨大潛力與尚未解決的安全及耐用性問題之間取得平衡。