The United States government has implemented additional economic sanctions targeting a major Cuban military conglomerate and a Canadian-Cuban mining partnership.

美國政府已實施額外的經濟制裁，針對一家古巴軍方大財團及一家加拿大-古巴採礦合夥企業。

The current escalation is predicated upon Executive Order 14404, which authorizes the blocking of assets for foreign entities operating within critical sectors of the Cuban economy, including mining, energy, and defense. Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced the designation of Grupo de Administracion Empresarial S.A. (GAESA), a military-controlled entity estimated to manage approximately 40 percent of the national economy with assets valued at $18 billion as of early 2024. The sanctions further extend to GAESA's executive president, Ania Guillermina Lastres Morera, and Moa Nickel SA, a joint venture involving the Canadian firm Sherritt International Corp. The administration asserts that these entities facilitate the financial sustainment of the Cuban leadership and provide a platform for hostile foreign intelligence operations.

此次升級是基於第 14404 號行政命令，該命令授權封鎖在古巴經濟關鍵部門（包括採礦、能源及國防）運作的外國實體資產。國務卿馬可·魯比奧宣布將 Grupo de Administracion Empresarial S.A. (GAESA) 列入制裁名單，這是一家由軍方控制的實體，據估計管理著全國約 40% 的經濟，截至 2024 年初資產價值達 180 億美元。制裁範圍 further 延伸至 GAESA 的執行總裁 Ania Guillermina Lastres Morera，以及涉及加拿大公司 Sherritt International Corp 的合資企業 Moa Nickel SA。美國政府聲稱這些實體協助古巴領導層維持資金，並為敵對的外國情報行動提供平台。

In response to these regulatory pressures, Sherritt International Corp has commenced the immediate suspension of its joint-venture activities in Cuba and the repatriation of its expatriate personnel. This decision follows previous operational disruptions attributed to the U.S. oil embargo. Concurrently, the geopolitical environment has been characterized by an intensified pressure campaign following the January abduction of Venezuelan leadership. The U.S. has restricted oil shipments from Venezuela to Cuba and threatened tariffs against third-party suppliers, a policy that has resulted in the arrival of only one Russian tanker in recent months.

為應對這些監管壓力，Sherritt International Corp 已開始立即暫停在古巴的合資活動，並將外派人員遣返回國。在此決定之前，由於美國的石油禁運，其運作已曾受到干擾。與此同時，自 1 月份委內瑞拉領導層被綁架後，地緣政治環境呈現出壓力不斷增加的趨勢。美國限制由委內瑞拉運往古巴的石油，並威脅對第三方供應商徵收關稅，此政策導致最近幾個月僅有一艘俄羅斯油輪到達。

Stakeholder reactions remain polarized. The Cuban administration, via President Miguel Díaz-Canel and Foreign Minister Bruno Rodriguez, has characterized these measures as 'unilateral coercive measures' and 'collective punishment,' asserting that the U.S. is pursuing a policy of economic destruction. Conversely, UN special rapporteurs have identified a state of 'energy starvation,' noting that the fuel blockade has compromised essential services and human rights, specifically citing a significant backlog in surgical procedures. Despite these concerns, the U.S. administration maintains that further designations are forthcoming until comprehensive political and economic reforms are enacted.

利益相關者的反應依然兩極分化。古巴政府透過總統米格爾·迪亞斯-卡內爾及外交部長布魯諾·羅德里格斯，將這些措施形容為「單方面強制措施」與「集體懲罰」，並聲稱美國正採取經濟毀滅政策。相反，聯合國特別報告員指出古巴處於「能源飢餓」狀態，並提到燃料封鎖損害了基本服務與人權，特別是引用了手術積壓嚴重的情況。儘管有這些憂慮，美國政府依然堅持，在全面實施政治及經濟改革前，將會繼續增加制裁名單。

The United States continues to intensify its economic blockade of Cuba, leading to the withdrawal of foreign investment and a critical energy deficit.

美國持續強化對古巴的經濟封鎖，導致外國投資撤出以及嚴重的能源短缺。