A presidential advisory council has submitted a comprehensive report recommending the systemic overhaul of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to decentralize disaster response and reduce federal fiscal obligations.

一個總統顧問委員會已提交一份全面報告，建議對聯邦緊急事務管理局 (FEMA) 進行系統性改革，以將災難應對權限下放並減少聯邦政府的財政義務。

The proposed reforms are predicated on the assertion that the agency has suffered from institutional mission creep and bureaucratic inefficiency. Central to this reappraisal is a shift in the burden of disaster preparedness and recovery from the federal government to state, tribal, and territorial authorities. This transition would be facilitated by a significant elevation of the threshold required for federal disaster declarations. Specifically, the council suggests the implementation of 'parametric triggers'—objective metrics such as wind speed or precipitation levels—to automate assistance, replacing the current per-capita damage formulas. Such a mechanism would likely result in a reduction of the total number of federally supported disasters.

擬議的改革是基於該機構深受制度性「使命蔓延」與官僚低效之苦的斷言。此次重新評估的核心，在於將災難準備與恢復的負擔從聯邦政府轉移至州、部落及領地當局。此轉型將透過大幅提高聯邦災難宣言所需的門檻來實現。具體而言，委員會建議實施「參數觸發機制」——即利用風速或降雨量等客觀指標來自動化援助，以取代目前的按人均損害計算公式。此類機制可能會導致聯邦政府支持的災難總數減少。

Financial modalities for state assistance would undergo a fundamental transition from a reimbursement-based system to an upfront lump-sum payment model, intended to accelerate the deployment of capital. Concurrently, survivor assistance would be streamlined; the council proposes the replacement of multifaceted rental and repair grants with a single one-time payment, while restricting housing aid exclusively to those whose residences are rendered uninhabitable. Furthermore, the report advocates for the privatization of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to mitigate its substantial debt and align premiums more precisely with actuarial risk.

州政府援助的財務模式將從基於報銷的系統根本性地轉向預付總額支付模式，旨在加速資本部署。同時，倖存者援助將被精簡；委員會建議將多方面的租金與維修補助金替換為單次的一次性付款，並將住房援助僅限於住宅已無法居住的人員。此外，報告主張將國家洪水保險計劃 (NFIP) 私有化，以減輕其巨額債務，並使保費更精確地與精算風險掛鉤。

Institutional implementation remains contingent upon legislative action, as many recommendations necessitate congressional approval. While some stakeholders argue that these measures would incentivize state proactivity and reduce federal expenditures, critics contend that the resulting funding gaps would disproportionately affect rural and low-income populations. Discrepancies exist between report versions regarding personnel; while an earlier draft proposed a 50% reduction in the FEMA workforce, the final submission appears to have moderated this stance, though the administration's broader objective of a leaner agency remains evident.

制度實施仍取決於立法行動，因為許多建議需要國會批准。雖然部分利益相關者認為這些措施將激勵州政府採取主動並減少聯邦支出，但批評者則認為，由此產生的資金缺口將對農村及低收入人群造成不成比例的影響。報告的不同版本在人員方面存在差異；雖然早前草案建議削減 50% 的 FEMA 員工，但最終提交的版本似乎緩和了這一立場，儘管政府建立精簡機構的整體目標依然明顯。

The FEMA Review Council's recommendations provide a framework for a leaner, state-centric disaster response model, pending executive endorsement and legislative ratification.

FEMA 審查委員會的建議為一個更精簡、以州政府為中心的災難應對模式提供了框架，尚待行政部門背書與立法批准。