The Society of St. Pius X (SSPX) has consecrated four bishops in Switzerland without the mandate of Pope Leo XIV, an action that triggers automatic excommunication under canon law.

聖庇護十號會（SSPX）在瑞士未經教宗利奧十四世授權便祝聖了四位主教，根據教會法，此舉將導致自動絕前事。

The event, conducted at the SSPX seminary in Écone, Switzerland, involved the consecration of Michael Goldade, Pascal Schreiber, Michel Poinsinet de Sivry, and Marc Hanappier. This action occurred despite a formal appeal from Pope Leo XIV, who characterized the move as a 'schismatic act' and a 'sin of extreme gravity.' The SSPX justified the procedure by citing a 'state of necessity,' asserting that the scarcity of available bishops—only two of the original four remaining—necessitated the appointment of new prelates to administer sacraments across their 800 global sites of worship.

此次事件在瑞士 Écone 的 SSPX 神學院舉行，祝聖對象包括 Michael Goldade、Pascal Schreiber、Michel Poinsinet de Sivry 及 Marc Hanappier。儘管教宗利奧十四世正式呼籲停止，並將此舉定性為「分裂行為」及「極其嚴重的罪」，但該會仍執意進行。SSPX 援引「必要狀態」來證明其正當性，主張由於可用主教短缺——原有的四位僅剩兩人——必須任命新任高級聖職人員，以管理其全球 800 個崇拜地點的聖事。

Historically, the SSPX was established in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre to oppose the modernization initiatives of the Second Vatican Council, specifically regarding the use of vernacular languages in Mass and the promotion of ecumenism. A precedent for this conflict exists in 1988, when Lefebvre similarly consecrated four bishops, resulting in excommunications that were not lifted until 2009 by Pope Benedict XVI. The latter's attempt at rapprochement was complicated by the Holocaust-denial statements of Bishop Richard Williamson, who was subsequently expelled from the society in 2012.

歷史上，SSPX 由總主教 Marcel Lefebvre 於 1970 年創立，旨在反對第二次梵蒂岡大公會議的現代化方案，特別是關於在彌撒中使用俗語以及推廣普世主義。此類衝突在 1988 年已有先例，當時 Lefebvre 同樣祝聖了四位主教，導致被絕前事，直到 2009 年才由教宗本篤十六世解除。後者嘗試修好，但由於主教 Richard Williamson 發表否認大屠殺的言論而陷入複雜局面，Williamson 隨後於 2012 年被該會開除。

Institutional tensions have persisted through the papacy of Pope Francis, who provided certain concessions to the SSPX regarding confession and marriage, while simultaneously restricting the broader use of the Latin Mass. Pope Leo XIV, who ascended to the papacy in May 2025, has prioritized ecclesiastical unity. However, the current defiance by the SSPX—which maintains a parallel structure of approximately 1,500 vocational members—presents a significant challenge to this objective. While the consecrations are considered valid in terms of sacramental efficacy, they are deemed illicit under canon law, thereby incurring the penalty of excommunication for both the consecrator, Bishop Alfonso de Galarreta, and the recipients.

制度性的緊張局勢在教宗方濟各任內持續存在，他雖然在告解與結婚方面對 SSPX 做出某些讓步，但同時限制了拉丁彌撒的廣泛使用。於 2025 年 5 月繼位之教宗利奧十四世將教會統一視為優先事項。然而，SSPX 目前的違抗行為——該會維持著一個約 1,500 名神職成員的平行結構——對此目標構成了重大挑戰。儘管這些祝聖在聖事效力上被視為有效，但在教會法下被視為非法，因此祝聖人主教 Alfonso de Galarreta 及受祝聖者均被處以絕前事。

The Holy See has yet to issue a formal public decree, though the automatic nature of the excommunications remains in effect as the Vatican evaluates its response to the SSPX's defiance.

聖座尚未發布正式的公開法令，但由於梵蒂岡仍在評估如何應對 SSPX 的違抗，絕前事的自動性質仍然生效。