The European Union has enacted new regulatory measures to mitigate trade imbalances with China while simultaneously fulfilling trade commitments to the United States.

歐盟已採取新的監管措施，旨在緩解與中國的貿易失衡，同時履行對美國的貿易承諾。

The European Commission has introduced two primary mechanisms to address the systemic trade deficit with China, which reached approximately 360 billion euros in 2025. First, the bloc has abolished the 'de minimis' customs exemption for parcels valued under 150 euros, introducing a 3 euro duty. This measure targets the high volume of low-value imports—predominantly managed by entities such as Temu and Shein—which the Commission asserts frequently contravene safety and environmental standards. Second, the EU has established tariff-free quotas of 18.3 million metric tons for steel, imposing a 50% out-of-quota duty on 26 steel categories. This is intended to counteract global overcapacity and the effects of foreign subsidies that have contributed to a historic low in European crude steel output in 2026.

歐盟委員會推出了兩個主要機制，以解決與中國之間系統性的貿易赤字，該赤字在 2025 年達到約 3,600 億歐元。首先，該聯盟取消了價值低於 150 歐元包裹的「微量豁免」海關免稅，改為徵收 3 歐元關稅。此措施針對大量低價值進口貨品——主要由 Temu 和 Shein 等實體管理——歐盟委員會稱這些貨品經常違反安全與環境標準。其次，歐盟為鋼鐵設定了 1,830 萬公噸的免關稅配額，對 26 類鋼鐵產品徵收 50% 的超配額關稅。此舉旨在對抗全球產能過剩及外國補貼的影響，這些因素導致 2026 年歐洲粗鋼產量跌至歷史低點。

Conversely, the EU has executed a rapprochement with the United States by eliminating tariffs on various U.S. industrial goods and granting preferential access to specific agricultural and seafood products. This action fulfills a joint statement finalized in July 2025, under which the U.S. maintains a 15% tariff on EU-origin goods. These transatlantic arrangements include safeguard mechanisms and are slated to remain effective until December 31, 2029.

相反地，歐盟透過取消多項美國工業產品的關稅，並向特定農產品和海鮮產品提供優惠准入，與美國達成了和解。此行動履行了 2025 年 7 月敲定的聯合聲明，根據該聲明，美國對原產於歐盟的貨品維持 15% 關稅。這些跨大西洋安排包括保障機制，預計將維持有效至 2029 年 12 月 31 日。

Stakeholder positioning reveals a divergence in strategic outlooks. While the EU seeks a 'level playing field,' Chinese officials, including spokesperson Guo Jiakun, maintain that the bloc's economic challenges are not attributable to China. Analysts suggest that Beijing's previous resilience against U.S. tariffs and its control over rare earth supply chains may reduce its inclination to offer concessions. Furthermore, a report from Tsinghua University identifies the potential for a 'wolf pack effect,' wherein coordinated protectionist measures from multiple nations could degrade China's strategic international standing.

利害關係人的定位揭示了戰略展望的分歧。雖然歐盟追求「公平競爭環境」，但包括發言人郭佳坤在內的中國官員維持認為，歐盟的經濟挑戰並非歸因於中國。分析師指出，北京先前對抗美國關稅的韌性及其對稀土供應鏈的控制，可能會降低其做出讓步的傾向。此外，清華大學的一份報告指出，可能出現「狼群效應」，即多國協調的保護主義措施可能會降低中國的國際戰略地位。

The European Union is currently pursuing a dual strategy of industrial protectionism toward China and trade liberalization with the United States.

歐盟目前正採取雙軌策略：對中國實施工業保護主義，同時與美國推動貿易自由化。