The United States has formally declined to renew the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) in its current form, initiating a period of annual reviews rather than a long-term extension.

美國已正式拒絕按現有形式續約《美墨加協定》(USMCA)，轉而啟動年度審查期，而非長期延長。

The decision by the Trump administration to forgo a 16-year extension of the USMCA, which would have prolonged the pact until 2042, necessitates a transition to an annual review process. This mechanism ensures the agreement remains operational until its scheduled expiration in 2036, provided no party withdraws. The administration's rationale centers on the perceived inadequacy of the current framework in mitigating U.S. trade deficits and addressing systemic shortcomings.

川普政府決定放棄 USMCA 的 16 年延長方案（該方案原可將協定延至 2042 年），因此必須過渡到年度審查程序。只要沒有任何一方退出，此機制可確保協定在 2036 年原定到期前保持運作。政府的理由在於認為目前的框架在減少美國貿易逆差及解決系統性缺陷方面不足。

Within the automotive sector, a primary point of contention involves the rules of origin. The administration seeks to increase the regional value content requirement for passenger vehicles and light trucks from 75% to 82%, with a specific mandate that 50% of such value be produced within the U.S. This represents a shift toward a more granular distinction of domestic content, which industry analysts suggest could impose significant operational costs and necessitate extensive capital investment. Furthermore, the administration intends to utilize these negotiations to decouple the North American supply chain from Chinese influence.

在汽車產業中，原產地規則是一個主要爭議點。政府尋求將客車與輕型貨車的區域價值含量要求從 75% 提高至 82%，並明確要求該價值的 50% 必須在美國境內生產。這代表對國產含量採取更細緻的區分，產業分析師認為這可能會增加顯著的營運成本，並需要大規模的資本投資。此外，政府打算利用這些談判將北美供應鏈與中國影響力脫鉤。

Stakeholder positioning remains divergent. While the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and various automotive trade groups emphasize the necessity of cross-border stability to protect investments—noting that 86% of the $182 billion in USMCA-driven investment was directed toward the U.S.—domestic steel manufacturers have welcomed the annual review structure as a means of increasing negotiating leverage. Conversely, Canadian officials have expressed a preference for a long-term renewal to ensure investment certainty, though they maintain that the current disputes are resolvable.

利害關係人的立場依然分歧。雖然美國商會及各汽車貿易團體強調，為了保護投資，跨境穩定性至關重要——並指出 USMCA 驅動的 1,820 億美元投資中，有 86% 流向美國——但國內鋼鐵製造商則對年度審查結構表示歡迎，視其為增加談判籌碼的手段。相反，加拿大官員表示傾向於長期續約以確保投資確定性，儘管他們堅持認為目前的爭議是可以解決的。

The USMCA remains in effect, but the lack of a long-term extension introduces economic uncertainty as the three nations enter a cycle of annual negotiations.

USMCA 依然有效，但由於缺乏長期延長方案，隨著三國進入年度談判循環，經濟不確定性隨之增加。