NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman has detailed the agency's current trajectory toward establishing a permanent lunar presence and the competitive pressures exerted by China's space program.

NASA 局長 Jared Isaacman 詳細說明了該機構目前建立永久月球據點的進展，以及中國太空計劃所造成的競爭壓力。

The current geopolitical landscape is characterized by a renewed space race, wherein the United States and China are competing for lunar primacy. Administrator Isaacman asserted that the temporal gap between the two nations' landing objectives is measured in months rather than years, noting that while the U.S. targets a 2028 landing, Chinese objectives are set for before 2030, with internal projections suggesting 2029. The administration maintains that a return to the lunar surface is achievable, supported by a national space policy and a substantial investment of over $10 billion via the Working Family Tax Cut Act.

目前的地緣政治格局以新一輪的太空競賽為特徵，美國與中國正競爭月球主導權。局長 Isaacman 主張，兩國登月目標之間的時間差距是以月而非以年來衡量，並指出美國的目標是 2028 年登月，而中國的目標則設定在 2030 年之前，內部預測為 2029 年。政府維持認為重返月球表面是可行的，這得到了國家太空政策的支持，以及透過《工作家庭減稅法案》投入超過 100 億美元的巨額投資。

Operational execution for the Artemis program involves a phased integration of diverse launch capabilities. The upcoming Artemis III mission will utilize a triad of heavy-lift vehicles—the Space Launch System (SLS), SpaceX's Starship, and Blue Origin's New Glenn—to conduct orbital testing of landing systems. This methodology is intended to validate the infrastructure required for the Artemis IV mission in 2028. Despite a recent anomaly involving the New Glenn vehicle in May, NASA is providing technical expertise to facilitate the investigation and subsequent relaunch, emphasizing the resilience of the current commercial launch market.

Artemis 計劃的執行涉及多種發射能力的階段性整合。即將到來的 Artemis III 任務將利用三款重型運載火箭——太空發射系統（SLS）、SpaceX 的 Starship 以及 Blue Origin 的 New Glenn——來對登月系統進行軌道測試。此方法旨在驗證 2028 年 Artemis IV 任務所需的基礎設施。儘管 5 月份 New Glenn 運載火箭出現一次異常，但 NASA 正在提供技術專長以協助調查及隨後的重新發射，強調目前商業發射市場的韌性。

Beyond initial landings, the strategic objective is the transition from transient visits to an enduring presence. A monthly launch cadence is projected for 2027 to initiate the construction of a lunar base. This infrastructure, which will include lunar terrain vehicles and expanded facilities by 2029, is intended to evolve into a permanent outpost by the early 2030s, analogous to the International Space Station. This lunar installation is conceptualized as a critical proving ground for future crewed missions to Mars and as a catalyst for a future lunar economy involving asteroid mining and scientific research.

除了初步登月，戰略目標是將短期訪問轉化為持久存在。預計 2027 年將採取每月一次的發射頻率，以啟動月球基地的建設。這套基礎設施將包括月球地形車，並於 2029 年前擴展設施，旨在 2030 年代初期演變成一個類似國際太空站的永久前哨站。此月球設施被構思為未來載人火星任務的關鍵試驗場，以及未來涉及小行星採礦和科學研究的月球經濟催化劑。

Parallel to these long-term goals, NASA is leveraging commercial partnerships for high-efficiency, low-cost orbital maintenance. A current $30 million experimental mission to repair the Swift gamma-ray telescope serves as a proof-of-concept for the viability of extending the operational lifespan of scientific instruments, potentially offering a scalable alternative to the multi-billion dollar costs associated with replacing assets like the James Webb Space Telescope.

在這些長期目標之外，NASA 正利用商業夥伴關係實現高效、低成本的軌道維護。目前一項耗資 3,000 萬美元用於維修 Swift 伽馬射線望遠鏡的實驗性任務，作為證明延長科學儀器操作壽命可行性的概念驗證，潛在可為取代如詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠鏡等耗資數十億美元資產提供可擴展的替代方案。

The United States is currently executing a multi-stage plan to secure a permanent lunar base by the early 2030s to maintain strategic superiority over China.

美國目前正在執行一個多階段計劃，旨在 2030 年代初期建立一個永久月球基地，以維持對中國的戰略優勢。