International and domestic judicial bodies have issued numerous convictions against Bosnian Serb leadership for the 1995 Srebrenica genocide, while forensic efforts continue to identify missing victims.

國際與國內司法機構已針對波士尼亞塞族領導層在1995年塞布雷尼察種族滅絕事件中的行為作出多次定罪，而法醫工作則持續致力於識別失蹤受害者的身份。

The events commenced on July 11, 1995, when Bosnian Serb forces, under the command of General Ratko Mladic, seized the UN-designated 'safe area' of Srebrenica. This operation resulted in the systematic separation and execution of at least 8,372 Bosniak males, while women, children, and the elderly were forcibly displaced. The International Court of Justice formally categorized these actions as genocide in 2007, predicated upon evidence from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).

事件始於1995年7月11日，當時由拉特科·姆拉迪奇將軍指揮的波士尼亞塞族軍隊佔領了聯合國指定的「安全區」塞布雷尼察。此次行動導致至少8,372名波斯尼亞穆斯林男性被系統性地分離並處決，而婦女、兒童及老人則被強行驅逐。國際法院於2007年正式將這些行為定義為種族滅絕，其依據為前南斯拉夫問題國際刑事法庭（ICTY）提供的證據。

Institutional accountability has been pursued through a multi-tiered legal framework. The ICTY convicted high-ranking officials, including Ratko Mladic and Radovan Karadzic, both of whom received life sentences. Other significant convictions include security chiefs Vujadin Popovic and Ljubisa Beara, and Radislav Krstic, the first individual convicted of aiding and abetting the genocide. Domestic courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Croatia have further adjudicated cases involving lower-level perpetrators and paramilitary units, such as the Scorpions. Despite these outcomes, the death of Slobodan Milosevic in 2006 and the continued evasion of certain suspects have precluded a total judicial resolution.

制度問責是透過一個多層次的法律框架來執行。ICTY定罪了多名高層官員，包括拉特科·姆拉迪奇與卡拉吉奇，兩人均被判處終身監禁。其他重要定罪包括安全主管波波維奇與貝拉，以及首個被判定協助及教唆種族滅絕的個人克里斯蒂奇。波士尼亞與赫戈維納、塞爾維亞及克羅埃西亞的國內法院進一步審理了涉及低階執行者與準軍事單位（如「蠍子」部隊）的案件。儘管有這些結果，但由於米洛舍維奇於2006年去世，加上部分嫌疑人持續逃避，導致司法上無法完全解決。

Forensic recovery operations have been complicated by the deliberate relocation of remains from primary to secondary mass graves to obstruct evidence. To date, remains have been retrieved from 150 locations, including 77 mass graves. While 6,772 victims are interred at the Potocari Memorial Cemetery and 250 in local sites, over 1,000 individuals remain missing. The identification process relies heavily on DNA analysis, though the dispersion of remains often necessitates the burial of incomplete sets of remains.

法醫回收工作因遺骸被刻意從第一處集體墳墓遷移至第二處以掩蓋證據，而變得複雜。迄今為止，已從150個地點回收遺骸，其中包括77座集體墳墓。雖然有6,772名受害者安葬於波托查里紀念公墓，250名安葬於當地地點，但仍有超過1,000人失蹤。身份識別過程高度依賴DNA分析，但由於遺骸分散，往往導致只能安葬不完整的遺骸。

The Srebrenica genocide remains the most significant legally recognized atrocity in post-WWII Europe, characterized by ongoing forensic recovery and a continuing judicial process.

塞布雷尼察種族滅絕是二戰後歐洲法律認可最嚴重的暴行，其特徵在於持續進行的法醫回收與司法程序。