Current public health initiatives in Africa are focused on the consolidation of polio eradication gains and the strategic expansion of malaria vaccination programs to reduce child mortality.

目前非洲的公共衛生計畫正專注於鞏固根除小兒麻痺症的成果，以及策略性地擴展瘧疾疫苗接種計畫，以降低兒童死亡率。

The certification of the African region as free of wild poliovirus in 2020 resulted from a multi-decadal investment in cross-border coordination and the deployment of community-based health workers. A critical component of this success was the utilization of female personnel and the Organization of African First Ladies for Development (OAFLAD), whose engagement facilitated the establishment of trust within hesitant or remote populations. The infrastructure developed for polio—specifically surveillance networks and supply chains—has since been repurposed to mitigate the impact of Ebola and COVID-19. However, the persistence of the virus globally, coupled with climate-induced instability and population displacement, necessitates the maintenance of these systems to prevent viral re-entry, particularly for the 14.3 million children currently lacking basic immunization.

非洲地區在 2020 年被認證為根除野外小兒麻痺病毒，得益於數十年來在跨境協調與部署社區衛生工作人員方面的投資。成功的關鍵組成部分是利用女性人員及非洲第一夫人發展組織 (OAFLAD)，其參與促進了在猶豫或偏遠人群中建立信任。為小兒麻痺症開發的基礎設施——特別是監控網絡和供應鏈——隨後被重新利用以減輕伊波拉和 COVID-19 的影響。然而，由於病毒在全球依然存在，加上氣候引起的不穩定和人口流離失所，必須維持這些系統以防止病毒重新進入，特別是針對目前 1,430 萬名缺乏基本疫苗接種的兒童。

Parallel to these efforts, the World Health Organization (WHO) has released data via The Lancet regarding the efficacy of the RTS,S malaria vaccine. Evaluations conducted in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi between 2019 and 2023 indicate that approximately one in eight deaths among eligible children was averted in vaccinated areas. The WHO posits that the scaled deployment of RTS,S and R21 vaccines could significantly alter the trajectory of pediatric mortality, given that an estimated 438,000 African children succumbed to malaria in 2024. The implementation of a four-dose vaccination schedule is further identified as a mechanism to enhance routine health visits, thereby facilitating the delivery of supplementary interventions such as vitamin A and insecticide-treated nets.

與這些努力平行，世界衛生組織 (WHO) 透過《刺針》(The Lancet) 發佈了關於 RTS,S 瘧疾疫苗效能的數據。2019 年至 2023 年在加納、肯亞和馬拉威進行的評估顯示，在接種疫苗的地區，合資格兒童中約每八分之一的死亡被避免。WHO 認為，鑑於 2024 年估計有 43.8 萬名非洲兒童死於瘧疾，大規模部署 RTS,S 和 R21 疫苗可以顯著改變兒童死亡率的軌跡。此外，實施四劑疫苗接種時程被確定為增加例行健康就診的機制，從而促進補充性干預措施（如維生素 A 和殺蟲劑處理蚊帳）的提供。

While immunization strategies have demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing disease burden, their long-term success remains contingent upon sustained international financing and the resilience of delivery systems.

雖然疫苗接種策略在降低疾病負擔方面已顯示出顯著效能，但其長期成功仍取決於持續的國際資金支持以及交付系統的韌性。