The United States administration has proposed a temporary suspension of the federal gasoline and diesel taxes to mitigate the impact of surging fuel costs resulting from the conflict with Iran.

美國政府已提議暫時停止徵收聯邦汽油與柴油稅，以緩解因與伊朗衝突導致燃料成本飆升的影響。

The current fiscal environment is characterized by a significant escalation in retail fuel prices, which have increased by approximately 50% since February 28, 2026, reaching a national average of $4.50 per gallon. This phenomenon is primarily attributed to a supply shock precipitated by the war in Iran, specifically disruptions within the Strait of Hormuz and attacks on petroleum infrastructure. While the administration has implemented measures such as the release of Strategic Petroleum Reserve inventories and the temporary waiver of Jones Act maritime requirements to facilitate domestic fuel transport, these interventions have not stabilized prices.

目前的財政環境特點是零售燃料價格大幅攀升，自 2026 年 2 月 28 日以來增加了約 50%，全國平均達到每加侖 4.50 美元。這一現象主要歸因於伊朗戰爭引起的供應衝擊，特別是霍爾木茲海峽的航運中斷以及對石油基礎設施的攻擊。儘管政府已採取措施，例如釋放戰略石油儲備以及暫時豁免《瓊斯法案》的海運要求以利於國內燃料運輸，但這些干預措施未能穩定價格。

Legislative efforts to suspend the federal excise tax—currently 18.4 cents for gasoline and 24.4 cents for diesel—have emerged across the political spectrum. Bipartisan proposals, including legislation introduced by Senator Josh Hawley and Democratic representatives, seek to provide immediate economic relief. However, the efficacy of such a measure is contested by economists. Analysis suggests that a full pass-through of tax savings to consumers is improbable, as fuel retailers typically retain a portion of the reduction. Furthermore, the federal tax constitutes a minority share of the total pump price, which is predominantly driven by global crude oil costs, refining, and distribution.

跨政治光譜的立法努力正試圖暫停聯邦消費稅（目前汽油為 18.4 美分，柴油為 24.4 美分）。包括參議員 Josh Hawley 及民主黨代表提出之法案在內的兩黨提案，旨在提供即時的經濟緩解。然而，經濟學家對此類措施的成效持有異議。分析顯示，稅收減免不太可能完全轉嫁給消費者，因為燃料零售商通常會保留部分減免額。此外，聯邦稅僅佔總泵價的一小部分，油價主要受全球原油成本、煉製及分銷驅動。

Institutional implications of a tax holiday include the depletion of the Highway Trust Fund, which is the primary funding mechanism for national transportation infrastructure. Estimates indicate a potential monthly deficit of $2.5 billion to $3.5 billion. Additionally, the removal of these taxes may exacerbate the societal costs associated with carbon emissions and congestion. At the sub-national level, several states, including Georgia, Indiana, and Utah, have already implemented similar tax suspensions, though the cumulative effect remains insufficient to return prices to pre-conflict levels.

稅收假期對制度的影響包括公路信託基金的枯竭，該基金是國家交通基礎設施的主要資助機制。估計每月可能產生 25 億至 35 億美元的赤字。此外，取消這些稅收可能會加劇與碳排放和交通擁堵相關的社會成本。在次國家層級，包括喬治亞州、印第安納州和猶他州在內的幾個州已實施類似的暫停徵稅措施，但累計效果仍不足以使價格恢復到衝突前的水平。

The proposed federal tax suspension remains subject to congressional approval and is viewed by analysts as a modest intervention with significant fiscal trade-offs.

擬議的聯邦稅暫停方案仍需經國會批准，分析師認為這是一項幅度適中的干預措施，但具有顯著的財政權衡。