The U.S. House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee has introduced legislation to implement annual registration fees for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles to fund surface transportation infrastructure.

美國眾議院交通與基礎設施委員會已提出立法，擬對電動車與插電式混合動力車徵收年度登記費，以資助地面交通基礎設施。

The 'Building Unrivaled Infrastructure and Long-term Development for America’s 250th Act' (BUILD America 250 Act) seeks to address the fiscal erosion of the federal highway trust fund resulting from the proliferation of fuel-efficient and non-combustion vehicles. Under the proposed framework, electric vehicle (EV) owners would be subject to an initial annual federal registration fee of $130, with incremental increases of $5 every two years until a ceiling of $150 is attained by 2035. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) would incur a starting fee of $35, escalating by $5 biennially to a maximum of $50. To ensure compliance, the federal government would withhold 125 percent of a state's highway apportionment should the state fail to collect these levies.

《為美國 250 歲打造無與倫比基礎設施及長期發展法案》（BUILD America 250 Act）旨在解決因節能車與非燃油車普及化，而導致聯邦公路信託基金財政流失的問題。在擬議的框架下，電動車 (EV) 車主將需支付 130 美元的初始年度聯邦登記費，之後每兩年增加 5 美元，直到 2035 年達到 150 美元的上限。插電式混合動力電動車 (PHEV) 的起步費用為 35 美元，每兩年增加 5 美元，最高至 50 美元。為確保合規，若州政府未能徵收這些稅款，聯邦政府將扣除該州 125% 的公路撥款。

This legislative initiative is predicated on the necessity of maintaining a sustainable funding mechanism for road upkeep, given that the federal gasoline tax has remained static at 18.4 cents per gallon since 1993. Proponents, including Committee Chairperson Sam Graves, contend that these measures ensure EV owners contribute a proportionate share to infrastructure maintenance, particularly as the increased curb weight of such vehicles may exacerbate road degradation. The bill also encompasses a significant investment exceeding $50 billion for bridge restoration and the expansion of transit and bicycle infrastructure.

這項立法倡議是基於維持道路維修可持續資金機制的必要性，因為聯邦汽油稅自 1993 年以來一直維持在每加侖 18.4 美分。包括委員會主席 Sam Graves 在內的支持者主張，這些措施可確保電動車車主為基礎設施維護分擔比例相稱的費用，特別是此類車輛增加的空車重量可能會加劇道路損毀。該法案還包括一項超過 500 億美元的重大投資，用於橋樑修復以及擴展公共運輸與自行車基礎設施。

Conversely, industry stakeholders and advocacy groups have expressed opposition based on perceived fiscal disproportion. The Zero Emissions Transportation Association (ZETA) asserts that the proposed fees exceed the average annual federal gas tax contribution of $73 to $89 paid by internal combustion engine vehicle operators. Furthermore, the National Resources Defense Council has indicated that the legislation concurrently reduces federal investments in dedicated EV charging infrastructure, which may impede adoption in rural sectors. These critics argue that the imposition of drivetrain-specific fees is punitive and fails to account for actual infrastructure utilization.

相反地，業界利害關係人與倡議團體則以財政不成比例為由表示反對。零排放交通協會 (ZETA) 聲稱，擬議的費用超過了內燃機車輛操作者每年平均 73 至 89 美元的聯邦汽油稅貢獻。此外，國家資源防護委員會指出，該立法同時減少了聯邦對電動車專用充電基礎設施的投資，這可能會阻礙鄉村地區的普及。這些批評者認為，徵收針對特定動力系統的費用具有懲罰性，且未能考慮到實際的基礎設施利用率。

The proposed legislation remains under congressional consideration, representing a bipartisan effort to recalibrate road-use funding in response to shifting automotive technologies.

擬議的立法目前仍由國會審議中，代表了跨黨派的努力，旨在應對汽車技術轉型而重新調整道路使用資金。