Efforts by the Republican party to redraw congressional districts in several Southern states ahead of the 2026 midterm elections have encountered significant legal and legislative obstacles.

共和黨在 2026 年期中選舉前，嘗試在幾個南部州重新劃分國會選區，但遇到了顯著的法律與立法障礙。

The strategic impetus for these redistricting efforts originated from President Donald Trump, who advocated for the reconfiguration of voting maps to mitigate typical midterm electoral losses and secure a House majority. This initiative sought to leverage a recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Louisiana v. Callais, which attenuated minority protections under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. Consequently, Republican-led legislatures in states such as Texas, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Florida, and Tennessee have implemented new maps. In contrast, Democratic-led efforts in California and court-mandated changes in Utah have provided counter-advantages, while a Democratic-backed plan in Virginia was invalidated by the state's highest court.

這些重新劃分選區的戰略動力源於唐納德·川普總統，他主張重新配置投票地圖，以減輕典型的期中選舉損失並確保眾議院多數席位。此舉旨在利用美國最高法院近期在「路易斯安那州訴卡萊斯案」中的裁決，該裁決削弱了《投票權法》第二條下對少數族裔的保護。因此，德克薩斯州、密蘇里州、北卡羅來納州、俄亥俄州、佛羅里達州和田納西州等由共和黨領導的立法機關已實施新地圖。相比之下，加州由民主黨主導的努力以及猶他州由法院強制執行的變更提供了對抗優勢，而維吉尼亞州一個由民主黨支持的計劃則被該州最高法院裁定無效。

In South Carolina, the state Senate rejected a proposal to redraw congressional districts in a 20-24 vote. The plan, which had passed the state House, aimed to eliminate the state's sole majority-Black district and target the seat held by Representative Jim Clyburn. Republican senators cited the commencement of early voting on May 26 as a primary reason for their opposition, arguing that interrupting an active election was untenable. Furthermore, Senator Tom Davis criticized the lack of legislative diligence, noting that the map was produced by a Washington-based consultant with minimal local consultation. Senate Majority Leader Shane Massey expressed concerns that such aggressive redistricting could diminish the state's influence and potentially alienate voters.

在南卡羅來納州，州參議院以 20 比 24 票否決了一項重新劃分國會選區的提案。該計劃此前已在州眾議院通過，旨在取消該州唯一的黑人多數選區，並針對眾議員 Jim Clyburn 持有的席位。共和黨參議員將 5 月 26 日開始的提前投票列為反對的主要原因，認為在選舉進行期間中斷過程是不可行的。此外，參議員 Tom Davis 批評缺乏立法盡職調查，指出該地圖是由一名華盛頓的顧問在幾乎沒有本地諮詢的情況下製作的。參議院多數黨領袖 Shane Massey 表示擔心，如此激進的重新劃分可能會削弱該州的影響力，並可能疏遠選民。

Simultaneously, a three-judge federal panel in Alabama issued a preliminary injunction blocking the implementation of a 2023 Republican-drawn map. The court determined that the proposed map intentionally discriminated on the basis of race by providing only one majority-Black district, thereby violating the Fourteenth Amendment and the Voting Rights Act. The panel ordered the continued use of a court-imposed map featuring two districts with significant Black populations. Alabama officials have indicated their intention to appeal this decision to the U.S. Supreme Court.

與此同時，阿拉巴馬州一個由三名法官組成的聯邦小組發布了初步禁制令，阻止執行 2023 年由共和黨劃定的地圖。法院認定，擬議的地圖透過僅提供一個黑人多數選區，構成蓄意種族歧視，從而違反了第十四修正案和《投票權法》。該小組命令繼續使用法院強制指定的地圖，其中包含兩個黑人人口顯著的選區。阿拉巴馬州官員已表示擬將此決定上訴至美國最高法院。

Parallel to these legal disputes, the Congressional Black Caucus has engaged in institutional pressure by urging over 250 corporations to oppose the elimination of majority-Black districts. The caucus characterized the silence of companies that previously pledged support for racial justice as complicity in the dismantling of Black political representation. This coincides with calls for athletic boycotts of public universities in states pursuing such redistricting strategies.

與這些法律爭端平行，國會黑人議會採取制度性壓力，敦促 250 多家公司反對取消黑人多數選區。該議會將先前承諾支持種族正義但如今保持沉默的公司定調為共謀拆除黑人政治代表權。與此同時，有人呼籲對採取此類重新劃分策略之州的公立大學進行體育抵制。

While Republicans have achieved net gains in several states, judicial interventions in Alabama and legislative resistance in South Carolina have stalled the immediate expansion of their congressional map advantages.

雖然共和黨在幾個州取得了淨增益，但阿拉巴馬州的司法干預和南卡羅來納州的立法抵制，已使他們國會地圖優勢的立即擴張陷入停滯。