Geopolitical Friction and Institutional Instability Characterize the 61st Venice Biennale

地緣政治摩擦與制度不穩定定義了第61屆威尼斯雙年展

May 5, 2026, 18:02
EuropeCulture

Introduction

The 61st Venice Biennale has commenced amidst significant administrative volatility and geopolitical tension, marked by the resignation of its judging panel and widespread protests regarding national representation.

第61屆威尼斯雙年展在行政動盪與地緣政治緊張的氣氛中開幕，其特徵是評審團集體辭職以及針對國家代表權的大規模抗議。

Main Body

The exhibition's structural integrity has been compromised by the mass resignation of the jury, which cited a refusal to evaluate entries from states whose leadership is subject to International Court of Justice warrants, specifically referencing Russia and Israel. Consequently, the traditional Golden Lion prizes will be replaced by a public voting mechanism, a transition that some participants, such as Ukrainian artist Ksenia Malykh, contend diminishes the institution's professional standing. This instability is compounded by the presence of the Russian pavilion; while the Italian Ministry of Culture has restricted public access to the interior after May 9, its symbolic presence remains a point of contention for Ukrainian representatives who view such neutrality as untenable.

展覽的結構完整性因評審團集體辭職而受損，評審團表示拒絕評審領導層被國際法院發布逮捕令的國家作品，特別是指俄羅斯與以色列。因此，傳統的金獅獎將被公眾投票機制取代，部分參與者（如烏克蘭藝術家 Ksenia Malykh）認為這種轉型降低了該機構的專業地位。俄羅斯展館的存在使這種不穩定情況進一步加劇；儘管義大利文化部在5月9日後限制公眾進入內部，但其象徵性的存在仍是烏克蘭代表爭論的焦點，他們認為這種中立立場是不可接受的。

Parallel to these institutional crises, the event has become a site for active political dissent. A coalition of over 200 artists, including the British representative Lubaina Himid, signed a formal demand for the removal of the Israeli pavilion, citing the ongoing conflict in Gaza. This sentiment was manifested physically through the 'Solidarity Drone Chorus,' a procession of approximately 60 artists. Conversely, some participants have argued that the Biennale should function as a neutral sanctuary for individual artistic expression, independent of national passport or state affiliation.

與這些制度危機平行的是，該活動已成為積極政治異議的場所。包括英國代表 Lubaina Himid 在內的200多名藝術家聯盟簽署了一份正式要求，要求移除以色列展館，理由是加薩地區持續的衝突。這種情感透過由約60名藝術家組成的「團結無人機合唱團」遊行具體呈現。相反地，部分參與者則主張雙年展應作為個人藝術表達的中立避風港，獨立於國籍或國家隸屬關係之外。

Within the national pavilions, the British entry, curated by Lubaina Himid, utilizes a combination of large-scale paintings and a curated soundscape to examine the complexities of migration and the concept of belonging. Himid's installation, titled 'Predicting History: Testing Translation,' employs figures of laborers—such as tailors and architects—to interrogate the psychological friction experienced by Black Britons. This thematic focus on colonial legacies and societal exclusion mirrors the broader atmospheric tension of the Biennale, where the traditional nation-state model of exhibition is increasingly viewed by curators, such as Marie Helene Pereira, as a contested and potentially obsolete framework in a globalized context.

在國家展館中，由 Lubaina Himid 策劃的英國參展作品利用大型繪畫與精心設計的聲景，探討移民的複雜性與歸屬感概念。Himid 題為《預測歷史：測試翻譯》的裝置作品，透過裁縫與建築師等勞工形象，質詢英國黑人所經歷的心理摩擦。這種對殖民遺產與社會排斥的主題關注，反映了雙年展更廣泛的氣氛緊張，使得如 Marie Helene Pereira 等策展人日益認為，傳統的民族國家展覽模式在全球化背景下是一個充滿爭議且可能過時的框架。

Conclusion

The 61st Venice Biennale remains a polarized environment where the intersection of contemporary art and international diplomacy has resulted in unprecedented institutional disruption.

第61屆威尼斯雙年展仍是一個極端對立的環境，當代藝術與國際外交的交集導致了前所未有的制度動盪。

Vocabulary Learning

The Architecture of 'Nominalization' and Abstract Density

To move from B2 to C2, a student must transition from describing actions to conceptualizing states. The provided text is a masterclass in High-Density Nominalization—the linguistic process of turning verbs (actions) and adjectives (qualities) into nouns to create an objective, academic distance.

⚡ The Conceptual Pivot

Compare these two registers:

  • B2 (Action-oriented): The jury resigned because they refused to judge entries from Russia and Israel, and this made the institution unstable.
  • C2 (State-oriented): The exhibition's structural integrity has been compromised by the mass resignation of the jury...

In the C2 version, the "action" (resigning) is transformed into a "phenomenon" (the mass resignation). This shifts the focus from the people to the structural impact.

🔬 Anatomizing the 'Abstract Chain'

Observe how the text chains abstract nouns to build a sophisticated atmospheric layer:

*"...geopolitical friction and institutional instability..."

Here, Friction (usually a physical force) and Instability (a state of balance) are used metaphorically. At C2, we don't just say things are "tense" (B2 adjective); we describe the friction (C2 noun) present in the environment.

🛠️ Advanced Application: The 'Interrogation' of Concepts

Notice the phrase: "...to interrogate the psychological friction experienced by Black Britons."

The Linguistic Leap:

  • Interrogate is used here not as a police action, but as an intellectual dissection.
  • Psychological friction elevates the description of "stress" or "difficulty" to a scholarly observation of systemic conflict.

C2 Stylistic Heuristic: When writing, replace phrases like "because [X] happened" with "due to the [Noun] of [X]."

  • Instead of: "Because the Biennale is polarized..."
  • Try: "The polarized nature of the environment..." or "The prevailing polarization..."

Vocabulary Learning

volatility (n.)
The quality of being unstable or likely to change rapidly.
Example:The political volatility in the region made investors wary of committing to long‑term projects.
tension (n.)
A state of mental or emotional strain; a strained or strained relationship.
Example:The escalating tension between the two countries threatened to spark a broader conflict.
structural integrity (n.)
The ability of a structure to maintain its shape and resist failure.
Example:After the earthquake, engineers assessed the building’s structural integrity to ensure safety.
compromised (adj.)
Weakened or damaged, especially by external influence or attack.
Example:The data breach compromised the company’s confidential information, leading to a loss of trust.
evaluate (v.)
To judge or assess the quality, value, or significance of something.
Example:The committee will evaluate each proposal before deciding which projects receive funding.
warrant (n.)
A legal document authorizing the arrest, search, or seizure of a person or property.
Example:The court issued a warrant for the suspect’s arrest after new evidence emerged.
mechanism (n.)
A system or method of operation that achieves a particular result.
Example:The voting mechanism was designed to ensure transparency and fairness in the selection process.
transition (n.)
The process of changing from one state, condition, or period to another.
Example:The transition from the old regime to the new government was marked by widespread protests.
diminish (v.)
To reduce in size, importance, or intensity.
Example:The new policy aims to diminish the gap between urban and rural communities.
instability (n.)
The state of being unstable or prone to change, especially in political or economic contexts.
Example:Economic instability caused by fluctuating commodity prices led to widespread uncertainty.
compounded (adj.)
Made more severe or intense by the addition of further elements.
Example:The crisis was compounded by the sudden withdrawal of international aid.
symbolic (adj.)
Representing or standing for something beyond its literal meaning.
Example:The flag served as a symbolic gesture of unity during the ceremony.
contention (n.)
A heated dispute or argument over a particular issue.
Example:The contention over land rights has persisted for decades without resolution.
untenable (adj.)
Impossible to defend or justify logically or morally.
Example:His argument was untenable once the evidence was presented.
dissent (n.)
Disagreement or opposition to an established opinion or policy.
Example:The artist’s work became a form of dissent against the prevailing political regime.
coalition (n.)
An alliance of individuals or groups united for a common purpose.
Example:A coalition of NGOs formed to advocate for environmental protection.
formal (adj.)
Adhering to established rules or conventions; official.
Example:The ceremony was conducted in a formal manner, with strict adherence to protocol.
removal (n.)
The act of taking something away or eliminating it.
Example:The removal of the outdated policy was welcomed by many stakeholders.
ongoing (adj.)
Continuing without interruption; still in progress.
Example:The ongoing negotiations aim to resolve the trade dispute.
manifestation (n.)
An observable expression or demonstration of an idea, feeling, or condition.
Example:The protest was a clear manifestation of the public’s frustration with the government.
procession (n.)
A group of people or vehicles moving forward in an organized way, often for a ceremonial purpose.
Example:The funeral procession wound through the streets, drawing a large crowd.
sanctuary (n.)
A place of refuge or safety, often protected from harm or persecution.
Example:The artist’s studio served as a sanctuary where she could work freely.
independent (adj.)
Free from external control or influence; self-governing.
Example:The journalist’s independent reporting earned her international acclaim.
curated (adj.)
Carefully selected and organized, especially in an artistic context.
Example:The curator’s curated selection highlighted emerging voices in contemporary art.
soundscape (n.)
The acoustic environment or collection of sounds in a particular setting.
Example:The installation’s soundscape blended natural and synthetic tones to evoke a sense of place.
Practice C2 words in a crossword→