The United States administration is evaluating a regulatory shift that would permit the summary rejection of asylum applications without the requirement of an interview for claimants who fail to apply within one year of arrival.

美國政府目前正在評估一項監管轉向，將允許對於抵達一年內未提出申請的申請人，在無需面試的情況下直接拒絕其庇護申請。

The proposed Department of Homeland Security (DHS) guidance would empower U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to deny asylum claims based solely on documentary evidence if the one-year filing deadline has been exceeded. While existing statutes provide exceptions for unaccompanied minors or individuals with severe medical conditions, the new protocol would deviate from the established practice of conducting interviews for nearly all applicants. Consequently, rejected individuals would be transferred to the Department of Justice's immigration court system for adversarial proceedings. The administration asserts that this measure is necessary to mitigate a backlog of approximately 1.5 million pending USCIS applications and 3.3 million court cases—of which 2.3 million pertain to asylum—which it attributes to previous border policies.

擬議的國土安全部 (DHS) 指引將賦予美國公民及移民服務局 (USCIS) 權限，若超過一年申請期限，可僅憑文件證據拒絕庇護申請。雖然現行法規對無人陪伴的未成年人或患有嚴重疾病的人員提供例外情況，但新協議將背離幾乎所有申請人都須面試的既定做法。因此，被拒絕的人員將被移交至司法部的移民法院系統進行對抗性訴訟程序。政府聲稱，此舉對於緩解約 150 萬件待處理的 USCIS 申請以及 330 萬件法院案件（其中 230 萬件涉及庇護）的積壓至關重要，並將此積壓歸因於之前的邊境政策。

This initiative exists within a broader strategic framework aimed at accelerating mass deportation efforts. The administration has characterized the asylum system as susceptible to systematic fraud, leading to the implementation of 'anti-fraud' policies targeting immigration attorneys and the expansion of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) authority to prosecute legal representatives. Furthermore, the administration has utilized 'safe third country' agreements and maintained asylum freezes for citizens of 39 nations designated under a travel ban proclamation. These actions follow a precedent of increased scrutiny; legal experts note that USCIS has integrated sophisticated data-mining tools to detect omissions or inaccuracies in applicant histories, which can lead to permanent bars or criminal exposure regardless of the time elapsed since the original filing.

此倡議存在於一個旨在加速大規模驅逐出境努力的更廣泛戰略框架之內。政府將庇護系統描述為容易受到系統性詐欺影響，導致實施針對移民律師的「反詐欺」政策，並擴大移民及海關執法局 (ICE) 起訴法律代表的權限。此外，政府利用了「安全第三國」協議，並對旅行禁令公告中指定的 39 個國家的公民維持庇護凍結。這些行動延續了加強審查的先例；法律專家指出，USCIS 已整合複雜的數據挖掘工具以檢測申請人歷史記錄中的遺漏或不準確之處，無論自原申請提交以來經過了多少時間，都可能導致永久禁止入境或承擔刑事責任。

Conversely, stakeholders such as the American Immigration Council and the Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project contend that these measures circumvent constitutional due process. They argue that the summary rejection of applications ignores legitimate reasons for filing delays, such as the maintenance of temporary visa statuses, thereby placing vulnerable populations in immediate jeopardy of removal without an opportunity for oral testimony.

相反，如美國移民委員會 (American Immigration Council) 和庇護尋求者倡議項目 (Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project) 等利益相關者認為，這些措施規避了憲法正當法律程序。他們主張，直接拒絕申請忽略了延遲提交的合法理由（例如維持臨時簽證狀態），從而使弱勢群體在沒有口頭陳述機會的情況下，立即面臨被驅逐的危險。

The administration continues to pursue a multi-pronged strategy to restrict asylum access and expedite removals through regulatory changes and enhanced surveillance of immigration records.

政府繼續採取多管齊下的策略，透過監管變更與加強對移民記錄的監控，以限制庇護獲准及加速驅逐出境。