A small-scale study published in Nature Communications indicates that a single dose of psilocybin may induce lasting anatomical changes in the human brain, potentially correlating with reported psychological improvements.

發表於《自然-通訊》的一項小規模研究指出，單次劑量的賽洛西賓可能會引起人類大腦持久的解剖結構改變，且可能與報告中的心理改善相關。

The research sought to resolve a theoretical divergence regarding whether the therapeutic efficacy of psychedelics is derived from the pharmacological compounds themselves or the subjective experience of the 'trip.' Utilizing a cohort of 28 healthy adults, researchers employed a double-blind methodology involving a 1 mg placebo dose followed by a 25 mg therapeutic dose. Data acquisition was facilitated via electroencephalography (EEG) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

該研究旨在解決一個理論分歧，即迷幻藥物的治療功效究竟是源於藥理化合物本身，還是源於「trip」的主觀體驗。研究人員對 28 名健康成年人採取雙盲法，先施用 1 毫克安慰劑，隨後施用 25 毫克治療劑量。數據透過腦電圖 (EEG) 和擴散張量成像 (DTI) 獲取。

Analysis of the DTI scans revealed a reduction in water diffusion along neural tracts connecting the prefrontal cortex to the medial regions of the brain. This phenomenon suggests an increase in tract density, a structural shift that contrasts with the diffusion observed in neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the data indicated a positive correlation between the magnitude of brain entropy—representing a diversification of information processing—and the subsequent depth of psychological insight and subjective well-being reported by participants.

DTI 掃描分析顯示，連接前額葉皮質與大腦內側區域的神經纖維束中，水分擴散有所減少。此現象顯示纖維束密度增加，這種結構性轉變與在阿茲海默症等神經退化性疾病中觀察到的擴散情況形成對比。此外，數據顯示大腦熵（代表資訊處理的多樣化）的大小，與參與者隨後報告的心理洞察深度及主觀幸福感之間存在正相關。

Institutional and regulatory interest in these findings has intensified following an executive order by the U.S. presidency to accelerate research into psilocybin and ibogaine. Consequently, the Food and Drug Administration has granted fast-track status to specific corporate entities investigating psilocybin-assisted therapies for depression. Despite these developments, some experts caution that the observed structural changes are exploratory and may mirror patterns seen in traumatic brain injuries, necessitating larger-scale replication to establish definitive clinical causality.

在美國總統下達加速研究賽洛西賓與伊博格烯 (ibogaine) 的行政命令後，機構與監管部門對這些發現的關注度增加。因此，美國食品藥物管理局 (FDA) 已授予研究賽洛西賓輔助治療憂鬱症之特定企業快速審查資格。儘管如此，部分專家警告，觀察到的結構改變仍屬於探索性質，且可能與創傷性腦損傷的模式相似，因此需要更大規模的重複實驗以確定明確的臨床因果關係。

The study provides preliminary evidence that psilocybin may facilitate neural plasticity, though further research is required to validate the therapeutic significance of these anatomical changes.

該研究提供了初步證據，顯示賽洛西賓可能會促進神經塑性，但仍需進一步研究以驗證這些解剖結構改變的治療意義。