The United States federal government has shifted its approach to civil rights in schools, transitioning from the remediation of systemic racial discrimination to the scrutiny of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives.

美國聯邦政府改變了處理學校民權問題的方式，從以往補救系統性種族歧視，轉變為審查多樣性、公平與包容（DEI）計畫。

Historically, federal agencies utilized civil rights legislation to mitigate systemic disparities affecting students of color. However, the current administration has recontextualized these efforts, characterizing programs designed to address racial inequities as discriminatory against white students. This shift is evidenced by the classification of established DEI initiatives as illegal and the subsequent imposition of financial penalties, including the withholding of federal grants. For instance, the Department of Education withheld over $20 million from Chicago Public Schools following the district's refusal to terminate its Black Student Success Program.

在歷史上，聯邦機構利用民權立法來減輕影響有色人種學生的系統性差異。然而，現任政府重新定義了這些努力，將旨在解決種族不平等的計畫形容為對白人學生的歧視。這種轉變體現在將既有的 DEI 計畫列為非法，並隨後實施財務處罰，包括扣除聯邦撥款。例如，教育部在芝加哥公立學校拒絕終止其「黑人學生成功計畫」後，扣除了超過 2,000 萬美元的資金。

This regulatory pivot extends to the judicial sphere, where the Department of Justice has sought the dissolution of court-ordered desegregation plans, asserting they are obsolete. Furthermore, the administration has applied a broad interpretation of the Supreme Court's ruling on affirmative action to K-12 education, suggesting that any race-based differential consideration is unconstitutional. Although a federal court invalidated this specific guidance, the perceived risk of federal scrutiny has prompted some districts to preemptively dismantle equity programs.

這次監管轉向也延伸到司法領域，司法部企圖廢除法院命令的種族隔離消除計畫，聲稱這些計畫已經過時。此外，政府將最高法院關於平權行動的裁決廣泛應用於 K-12 教育，暗示任何基於種族的差異化考慮都是違憲的。雖然聯邦法院廢除了這項具體指引，但由於擔心聯邦審查，部分學區已經預先拆除了公平計畫。

In Los Angeles, the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) has faced dual challenges. The Black Student Achievement Plan (BSAP), which provides augmented staffing and specialized curricula, is currently under investigation by the Office for Civil Rights following complaints from the conservative group Defending Education. Concurrently, the Department of Justice has joined a lawsuit filed by the 1776 Project Foundation targeting the 'Predominantly Hispanic, Black, Asian or Other Non-Anglo' (PHBAO) designation. The government contends that such designations are unconstitutional, while legal advocates for the students argue that systemic inequities persist, necessitating continued intervention.

在洛杉磯，洛杉磯聯合獨立學區（LAUSD）面臨著雙重挑戰。「黑人學生成就計畫」（BSAP）提供增加的人手與專門課程，目前正因為保守派團體「捍衛教育」的投訴而受到民權辦公室調查。與此同時，司法部加入了由 1776 計畫基金會提出的訴訟，針對「以西班牙裔、黑人、亞裔或其他非盎格魯人為主」（PHBAO）的定義。政府認為此類定義是違憲的，而學生的法律擁護者則認為系統性不平等仍然存在，因此需要持續干預。

The federal government continues to challenge the legality of race-conscious educational programs, leading to a period of significant legal and institutional instability for school districts.

聯邦政府繼續挑戰考慮種族的教育計畫之合法性，導致學區進入了一個法律與制度極不穩定的時期。