A federal court has vacated several Trump administration policies that suspended immigration benefits for nationals of 39 countries, while separate legislative efforts seek to restrict H-1B visa pathways.

一家聯邦法院撤銷了川普政府數項暫停 39 個國家國民移民福利的政策，而另有立法努力試圖限制 H-1B 簽證途徑。

In a 135-page ruling, U.S. District Judge John McConnell determined that the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) exceeded its statutory authority by implementing a categorical freeze on asylum, green card, and citizenship applications for individuals from 39 designated nations. This administrative action commenced following a November 2025 incident involving an Afghan national and the shooting of National Guard personnel in Washington, D.C. The court found that the administration utilized national security justifications as a pretext to mask prohibited anti-immigrant sentiments, thereby placing compliant applicants in a state of indeterminate legal limbo. Specifically, the ruling vacated four directives: the indefinite suspension of asylum claims, a 'benefits hold' linked to travel bans, the mandate to revisit previously approved benefits, and the requirement to apply country-specific factors in adjudications.

在一份 135 頁的裁決書中，美國地方法官 John McConnell 判定美國公民及移民服務局 (USCIS) 對 39 個指定國家的人士實施類別化凍結庇護、綠卡及公民申請，已超出其法定權限。此行政行動始於 2025 年 11 月發生的一起涉及阿富汗國民在華盛頓特區槍擊國民衛隊人員的事件。法院發現，政府利用國家安全作為藉口來掩飾被禁止的反移民情緒，從而使符合條件的申請人陷入法律上的不確定狀態。具體而言，該裁決撤銷了四項指令：無限期暫停庇護申請、與旅行禁令掛鉤的「福利保留」、重新審查先前已獲批福利的指令，以及在裁決時要求應用特定國家因素的要求。

Parallel to these judicial developments, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has proposed further restrictions on discretionary employment authorization, targeting those with humanitarian parole or deferred status by requiring proof of economic necessity and E-Verify compliance. Simultaneously, Representative Chip Roy has introduced the American White-Collar Worker Jobs Act. This legislation proposes the elimination of the green card pathway for H-1B visa holders, the repeal of Optional Practical Training (OPT), and a reduction of the maximum visa duration from six years to two. The bill further mandates that employers certify the absence of qualified U.S. workers and offer wages at the 75th percentile for the relevant occupation.

與這些司法發展平行的是，國土安全部 (DHS) 提議進一步限制酌情就業許可，針對持有人道主義假釋或遞延身份的人士，要求其提供經濟必要性證明並符合 E-Verify 合規要求。同時，眾議員 Chip Roy 提出了《美國白領工人就業法案》。該立法建議取消 H-1B 簽證持有者的綠卡路徑，廢除選擇性實習訓練 (OPT)，並將最高簽證期限從六年減至兩年。該法案進一步要求雇主證明缺乏合格的美國工人，並提供處於相關職業第 75 百分位數的薪資。

Institutional responses to these shifts remain polarized. DHS General Counsel James Percival characterized the judicial ruling as 'sabotage dressed in legal clothing,' asserting that the court's findings were based on flawed 'animus' claims. Conversely, representatives from Democracy Forward and the National Iranian American Council maintained that the ruling reaffirms the principle that the federal government cannot obstruct lawful immigration pathways based on national origin. Additionally, the administration recently moderated a May 22 memorandum requiring green card applicants to return to their home countries, following significant opposition from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the technology sector.

機構對這些轉變的反應依然兩極分化。國土安全部法律總顧問 James Percival 將司法裁決描述為「披著法律外衣的破壞」，主張法院的調查結果是基於有缺陷的「敵意」指控。相反，來自 Democracy Forward 和國家伊朗美國理事會的代表則堅持，該裁決重申了聯邦政府不能基於國籍來阻礙合法移民路徑的原則。此外，在美國商會和科技產業的強力反對後，政府近期緩和了 5 月 22 日一份要求綠卡申請人返回原籍國的備忘錄。

The current landscape is defined by a judicial mandate to resume processing for banned nationals, countered by ongoing executive proposals and legislative attempts to further restrict legal migration.

目前的局勢定義為：司法指令要求恢復處理被禁國民的申請，而行政提案與立法嘗試則持續試圖進一步限制合法移民。