The United States Department of Defense Expands the 1260H List of Chinese Military-Linked Entities
美國國防部擴大 1260H 中國軍方相關實體名單
Introduction
The Pentagon has updated its registry of Chinese firms deemed to support Beijing's military infrastructure, incorporating several prominent commercial and technology corporations.
五角大廈更新了被視為支持北京軍事基礎設施的中國公司名單，其中納入了數家知名的商業與科技公司。
Main Body
The revised 1260H list, mandated by a 2021 congressional directive, now encompasses 188 entities, representing a quantitative increase from the approximately 130 listed in the preceding year. This expansion is predicated on the U.S. government's assessment of China's 'military-civil fusion' strategy, wherein the distinction between civilian commercial innovation and national defense capabilities is intentionally obscured. Consequently, the Department of Defense has designated non-state actors—including Alibaba, Baidu, BYD, and Unitree—as contributors to the Chinese defense industrial base, citing affiliations with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
根據 2021 年國會指令而修訂的 1260H 名單，目前涵蓋 188 個實體，較前一年約 130 個有所增加。此次擴大是基於美國政府對中國「軍民融合」策略的評估，認為中國刻意模糊了民用商業創新與國家國防能力之間的界線。因此，國防部將包括阿里巴巴、百度、比亞迪與 Unitree 在內的非國家行為者，列為中國國防工業基礎的貢獻者，理由是其與工業和信息化部有關聯。
Institutional implications for designated entities include a prohibition on direct procurement by the Department of Defense commencing this month, with a broader ban on third-party procurement scheduled for 2027. While these designations do not constitute immediate comprehensive sanctions, the House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party has characterized the list as a strategic warning, advocating for the delisting of such firms from U.S. stock exchanges. Furthermore, the inclusion of firms like TP-Link follows separate federal prohibitions on foreign-made routers due to supply chain vulnerabilities.
被列名實體在制度上的影響包括：國防部自本月起禁止直接採購，而更全面的第三方採購禁令將於 2027 年生效。雖然這些列名不構成立即的全面制裁，但眾議院中國共產黨特設委員會將該名單定性為策略性警告，並倡導將此類公司從美國證券交易所除名。此外，TP-Link 等公司被列入，係隨後於聯邦政府因供應鏈漏洞而禁止外國製路由器之決定而來。
This administrative action occurred shortly after a diplomatic summit between President Donald Trump and President Xi Jinping in Beijing. Although a trade truce was ostensibly maintained, the reinstatement of memory chip manufacturers Yangtze Memory Technologies and ChangXin Memory Technologies—which had been omitted from a briefly published February version of the list—indicates a persistence of security concerns. The Chinese government and the affected corporations have categorically rejected these designations, characterizing them as discriminatory and devoid of factual basis, with several firms indicating the intent to pursue legal remedies.
此次行政行動發生在總統川普與習近平主席於北京舉行外交峰會後不久。儘管表面上維持了貿易停戰，但記憶體晶片製造商長江存儲與長鑫存儲被重新列入（兩者曾被刪除於二月短暫公布的版本中），顯示安全考量依然存在。中國政府及受影響公司斷然拒絕這些列名，指其具有歧視性且缺乏事實根據，部分公司已表示有意尋求法律救濟。
Conclusion
The expanded list reinforces the strategic decoupling of U.S. defense procurement from Chinese commercial technology amid ongoing geopolitical competition.
在持續的地緣政治競爭中，擴大名單強化了美國國防採購與中國商業科技之間的策略性脫鉤。
Vocabulary Learning
The Nuance of 'Precision Displacement' in Formal Registers
To move from B2 to C2, a student must transition from describing a situation to framing it using high-precision verbs and nominalizations. In this text, the author avoids generic verbs (like 'gave', 'said', or 'is based on') in favor of lexical precision that signals administrative and geopolitical authority.
◈ The Anatomy of the "C2 Verb"
Look at the phrase: "This expansion is predicated on..."
At a B2 level, you would write: "This increase is based on..." At a C2 level, "predicated on" does more than indicate a cause; it suggests a logical foundation or a prerequisite condition. It transforms a simple observation into a scholarly assertion.
◈ Semantic Shifts: From Action to Status
Consider the strategic use of "ostensibly" in the phrase "a trade truce was ostensibly maintained."
This single adverb does the heavy lifting of a whole paragraph. It doesn't just mean "seemingly"; it implies a contradiction between appearance and reality. C2 mastery is the ability to inject a critical perspective into a sentence without using an explicit critique (e.g., "however, it was actually a lie").
◈ Nominalization & Density
Note the construction: "...representing a quantitative increase from the approximately 130 listed..."
Instead of saying "there are more companies than last year," the author uses "quantitative increase." This is the hallmark of the "Academic/Diplomatic Register."
The C2 Formula observed here:
Adjective (Quantitative) Abstract Noun (Increase) Precise Preposition (From)
◈ Key C2 Collocations for Geopolitical Analysis
- Categorically rejected: (Not just 'denied') Total, absolute refusal.
- Strategic decoupling: (Not just 'separating') A deliberate, planned disconnection of systems.
- Pursue legal remedies: (Not just 'sue') The formal process of seeking a judicial solution.
Scholarly Insight: The text treats entities not as "companies" but as "actors" or "entities." This shift in terminology removes the commercial element and highlights the political role, a critical distinction in high-level diplomatic English.