The New World screwworm has been detected in Texas and New Mexico, signaling a breach of previous containment barriers and a potential threat to livestock and human health.

在新墨西哥州與德州發現了新世界螺旋蠅，顯示先前的防控屏障已被突破，對牲畜與人類健康構成潛在威脅。

The current epidemiological situation is characterized by five confirmed cases in the United States: four involving calves in Zavala and La Salle counties, Texas, and one involving a canine in Lea County, New Mexico. The USDA has indicated that the New Mexico case may be isolated, though the animal's travel history to Mexico remains under investigation. This resurgence follows a northward migration of the parasite from the Darién Gap, where containment failed circa 2022, subsequently affecting Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Mexico. The USDA estimates that a full-scale resurgence could impose an annual economic burden of $732 million on Texas producers and $1.8 billion on the broader state economy.

目前的流行病學情況是以美國五起確診病例為特徵：四起涉及德克薩斯州 Zavala 與 La Salle 縣的小牛，以及一起涉及新墨西哥州 Lea 縣的犬隻。美國農業部 (USDA) 指出，新墨西哥州的病例可能是單一事件，但該動物前往墨西哥的旅行史仍在調查中。此次復發是隨著寄生蟲從 Darién Gap 向北遷移，該地的防控在 2022 年左右失效，隨後影響到巴拿馬、哥斯大黎加、尼加拉瓜與墨西哥。USDA 估計，全面復發可能每年給德州生產者帶來 7.32 億美元的經濟負擔，並對整個州經濟造成 18 億美元的損失。

Biologically, Cochliomyia hominivorax is a parasitic blowfly whose larvae consume living tissue rather than necrotic matter. The parasite's lifecycle involves a single mating event for the female, who deposits eggs in open wounds or mucous membranes. The resulting larvae bore into the host, potentially causing systemic sepsis or mortality. While livestock are the primary economic concern, clinical data from Central America demonstrate significant human risk. The CDC reported 2,100 human cases as of June 8, with fatalities occurring primarily in individuals with comorbid immune or organ dysfunction. Documented human infestations have occurred in the scalp, oral cavity, and anal region, with scalp infestations presenting a specific risk of cranial penetration and an 8% mortality rate.

在生物學上，Cochliomyia hominivorax 是一種寄生蒼蠅，其幼蟲食用活組織而非壞死組織。該寄生蟲的生命週期涉及雌性一次交配，隨後將卵產於開放性傷口或黏膜中。產生的幼蟲會鑽入宿主體內，可能導致全身性敗血症或死亡。雖然牲畜是主要的經濟考量，但來自中美洲的臨床數據顯示人類面臨顯著風險。CDC 報告截至 6 月 8 日共有 2,100 例人類病例，死亡病例主要發生在患有共病免疫或器官功能障礙的個體中。紀錄顯示人類感染部位出現在頭皮、口腔及肛門區域，其中頭皮感染具有穿透顱骨的特定風險，死亡率為 8%。

Institutional responses have focused on the Sterile Fly Technique, a biological intervention involving the release of gamma-irradiated sterile males to collapse the population. The USDA is currently dispersing four million sterile flies and four million pupae weekly in South Texas. Further infrastructure investments include a $21 million facility in Mexico and a $750 million factory in Texas, the latter capable of producing 300 million sterile flies weekly by autumn. Concurrently, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency has implemented temporary livestock import restrictions from affected U.S. regions to mitigate export market volatility, although experts suggest the Canadian climate precludes a permanent establishment of the parasite.

機構回應集中於「不育蠅技術」，這是一種生物干預措施，透過釋放經過伽馬射線照射的不育雄蠅來使族群崩潰。USDA 目前每週在南德州釋放 400 萬隻不育蠅與 400 萬個蛹。進一步的基礎設施投資包括在墨西哥建立一座 2,100 萬美元的設施，以及在德州建立一座 7.5 億美元的工廠，後者預計到秋季每週能生產 3 億隻不育蠅。同時，加拿大食品檢驗局已對來自美國受影響地區的牲畜進口實施臨時限制，以緩解出口市場的波動，儘管專家認為加拿大氣候使得該寄生蟲無法永久定居。

The New World screwworm has re-entered the U.S. via Texas and New Mexico, prompting large-scale sterile insect technique deployments and heightened veterinary surveillance.

新世界螺旋蠅透過德州與新墨西哥州重新進入美國，促使大規模部署不育昆蟲技術並強化獸醫監測。