The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has announced the crew for the Artemis III mission, scheduled for 2027, which will conduct critical docking and systems tests in low Earth orbit.

美國國家航空暨太空總署 (NASA) 已宣布預計於 2027 年進行的 Artemis III 任務機組員名單，該任務將在近地軌道進行關鍵的對接與系統測試。

The designated crew comprises Commander Randy Bresnik, Pilot Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency (ESA), and Mission Specialists Frank Rubio and Andre Douglas, with Bob Hines serving as the backup. This selection marks the first instance of an ESA astronaut's assignment to an Artemis mission. The crew's operational objectives involve the execution of rendezvous and docking maneuvers between the Orion spacecraft and prototype lunar landers developed by commercial entities Blue Origin and SpaceX. These procedures are intended to mitigate risk and validate hardware interfaces, software, and life-support systems, including the testing of Axiom Space suits developed in collaboration with Prada.

指定的機組員包括指揮官 Randy Bresnik、來自歐洲太空總署 (ESA) 的飛行員 Luca Parmitano，以及任務專家 Frank Rubio 和 Andre Douglas，由 Bob Hines 擔任後備。此次選拔標誌著 ESA 太空人首次被指派參與 Artemis 任務。機組員的運作目標涉及在 Orion 宇宙飛船與由商業實體 Blue Origin 和 SpaceX 開發的月球登陸器原型之間，執行交會與對接操作。這些程序旨在降低風險並驗證硬體介面、軟體及生命維持系統，包括測試由 Axiom Space 與 Prada 合作開發的太空衣。

Historically, the mission profile for Artemis III was intended to be a lunar landing; however, the agency repurposed the mission as an orbital rehearsal due to technical delays regarding the SpaceX Starship's in-orbit refueling capabilities and overall readiness. This strategic shift ensures that the complex coordination required for the subsequent Artemis IV mission—targeted for a 2028 lunar south pole landing—is verified in a controlled environment. The broader institutional objective is the establishment of a semi-permanent lunar presence by the mid-2030s, serving as a precursor to crewed Mars expeditions.

從歷史來看，Artemis III 的任務概況原定為月球登陸；然而，由於 SpaceX Starship 的軌道加油能力及整體準備情況出現技術延遲，該機構將任務重新定義為軌道演習。這一戰略轉移確保了隨後目標為 2028 年月球南極登陸的 Artemis IV 任務所需的複雜協調工作，能在受控環境中獲得驗證。更廣泛的體制目標是在 2030 年代中期建立半永久性的月球存在，作為載人火星探險的前奏。

Despite the programmatic momentum, the agency faces significant infrastructure challenges. A recent anomaly involving the detonation of a Blue Origin New Glenn rocket resulted in extensive damage to the company's sole operational launch pad at Cape Canaveral. While NASA and Blue Origin officials maintain that the 2027 timeline remains viable, external analysts have questioned the feasibility of this schedule given the necessity of comprehensive facility reconstruction. Furthermore, the program operates within a competitive geopolitical framework, as the United States seeks to maintain technological primacy over the China Manned Space Agency, which intends to achieve a crewed lunar landing by 2030.

儘管計畫有所進展，但該機構面臨著顯著的基礎設施挑戰。近期 Blue Origin New Glenn 火箭的一次爆炸導致該公司在卡納維拉爾角唯一的運作發射台遭到嚴重損毀。雖然 NASA 和 Blue Origin 官員堅持 2027 年的時間表仍然可行，但外部分析師質疑，鑑於設施全面重建的必要性，該時間表的可能性。此外，由於美國尋求在技術上保持對計劃於 2030 年前實現載人登月的中國載人航天工程的領先地位，該計畫是在一個競爭激烈的地緣政治框架下運作的。

The Artemis III mission remains a pivotal preparatory phase for the 2028 lunar landing, contingent upon the successful recovery of commercial launch infrastructure and the maturation of landing technologies.

Artemis III 任務仍然是 2028 年月球登陸的關鍵準備階段，但這取決於商業發射基礎設施的成功恢復以及登陸技術的成熟。