India is currently addressing systemic land degradation and desertification through a combination of national policy frameworks and localized enforcement actions to reclaim ecologically significant territories.

印度目前正透過國家政策框架與局部執行行動，解決系統性的土地退化與沙漠化問題，以回收具有生態重要性的領土。

The scale of terrestrial deterioration in India is substantial, with data from the Space Applications Centre of ISRO indicating that approximately 30% of the nation's geographical area—roughly 97.85 million hectares—is undergoing degradation, 25% of which is characterized as desertification. This phenomenon is attributed to a confluence of anthropogenic drivers, including unsustainable agricultural practices, deforestation, and unregulated urbanization, compounded by climatic volatility such as erratic monsoons and extreme thermal events. The resulting erosion of agro-ecological resilience poses a critical risk to food security and precipitates rural-to-urban migration. While 28 of 31 assessed states and Union Territories reported an increase in degradation between 2011 and 2019, Rajasthan remains the most affected, accounting for over 60% of desertified land.

印度陸地退化的規模相當龐大。根據印度太空研究組織（ISRO）太空應用中心的數據，全國約 30% 的地理面積（約 9785 萬公頃）正處於退化狀態，其中 25% 被定義為沙漠化。此現象歸因於多種人為驅動因素，包括不可持續的農業做法、森林砍伐以及無管制的都市化，並受季風不穩定和極端高溫等氣候波動的加劇。由此導致的農業生態韌性侵蝕，對糧食安全構成關鍵風險，並促使農村人口向城市遷移。在 31 個受評估的邦與聯邦領地中，有 28 個在 2011 年至 2019 年間報告退化程度增加，而拉賈斯坦邦受影響最嚴重，佔沙漠化土地的 60% 以上。

Institutional responses are centered on the 2023 National Action Plan to Combat Desertification, which stipulates the restoration of 26 million hectares by 2030. Complementary strategies include the 2025 Green India Mission, targeting 10 million hectares for afforestation. Despite the restoration of 18.94 million hectares to date, systemic inefficiencies persist; implementation is characterized by fragmented ministerial coordination, insufficient funding, and uneven data tracking at the state level. Proposed remediations include the integration of land-neutral norms into infrastructure projects, the adoption of precision agronomy, and the utilization of GIS-based real-time monitoring to optimize resource allocation.

體制上的回應集中於 2023 年的《對抗沙漠化國家行動計畫》，規定在 2030 年前修復 2600 萬公頃土地。配套策略包括 2025 年的《綠色印度任務》，目標為 1000 萬公頃土地進行造林。儘管目前已修復 1894 萬公頃，但系統性低效依然存在；執行過程呈現出部會協調碎片化、資金不足以及各邦數據追蹤不均等特徵。建議的補救措施包括將土地中立準則整合至基礎設施項目、採用精準農藝，以及利用基於 GIS 的即時監測以優化資源配置。

Parallel to these national strategies, state-level administrative actions are being deployed to secure critical habitats. In Gurdaspur, Punjab, the forest department recently reclaimed approximately 50 acres of government land that had been under illegal agricultural occupation for five decades. This operation, facilitated by geo-referenced mapping and inter-agency coordination between the district administration and police, aims to bolster the Beas Conservation Reserve. The reclamation of this land is intended to mitigate the impact of rising land valuations on forest boundaries and provide a precedent for further anti-encroachment drives along the Beas and Sutlej rivers.

與這些國家策略平行，邦級行政行動正被部署以確保關鍵棲息地。在旁遮普邦的古達斯普爾（Gurdaspur），林務部門最近收回了約 50 英畝被非法用於農業耕種長達五十年的政府土地。此項行動透過地理參考地圖以及區政府與警方的跨部門協調而達成，旨在強化比亞斯保護區（Beas Conservation Reserve）。收回此土地旨在減輕地價上漲對森林邊界的影響，並為比亞斯河與蘇特萊約河沿岸進一步的打擊侵佔行動提供先例。

India continues to navigate the tension between ambitious land restoration targets and the practical challenges of implementation and illegal land appropriation.

印度持續在雄心勃勃的土地修復目標，與執行過程中的實際挑戰及非法土地侵佔之間尋求平衡。