China and the USA are angry. They are stopping some companies from trading with each other.

中國與美國目前關係緊張，他們正阻止部分公司互相貿易。

The USA made a list of 80 Chinese companies. These companies cannot work with the USA military. Now, China is angry.

美國列出了一份包含80家中國公司的名單。這些公司不能與美國軍方合作。現在，中國感到憤怒。

China stopped 10 USA companies from buying some materials. These companies make planes and drones. They cannot get these goods from China now.

中國阻止了10家美國公司購買某些材料。這些公司製造飛機和無人機。他們現在無法從中國獲取這些貨品。

China also stopped 46 other USA companies. The Chinese government will not buy things from them. China says this is for safety.

中國還阻止了另外46家美國公司。中國政府將不再向他們購買產品。中國表示這是為了安全起見。

The leaders of the two countries met in May. They said they wanted to help each other. But now, they are fighting again.

兩國領導人在五月會面。他們表示希望互相幫助。但現在，他們又再次陷入爭執。

The USA and China still have problems. They do not trust each other.

美國與中國仍存在問題，他們互不信任。

The Chinese government has introduced export controls and bans on government purchasing from several U.S. companies. This action follows a decision by the U.S. Department of Defense to expand a blacklist targeting Chinese organizations.

中國政府對數家美國公司實施了出口管制與政府採購禁令。此舉是在美國國防部決定擴大針對中國組織的黑名單之後採取的。

The conflict began when the U.S. Department of Defense updated its 1260H list, naming about 80 Chinese companies—including Alibaba, Baidu, and BYD—as contributors to military-civil fusion. Consequently, these firms are now blocked from getting direct U.S. military contracts. In response, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce has restricted the export of 'dual-use' materials to 10 U.S. firms, such as MP Materials and various drone manufacturers. These companies are now prohibited from receiving goods from China, although the government may grant approvals if the exports are deemed 'genuinely necessary.'

衝突始於美國國防部更新其 1260H 名單，將約 80 家中國公司（包括阿里巴巴、百度與比亞迪）列為軍民融合的貢獻者。因此，這些公司目前被禁止直接獲得美國軍方合約。作為回應，中國商務部限制了向 10 家美國公司（如 MP Materials 及各類無人機製造商）出口「雙用途」材料。這些公司目前被禁止從中國接收貨品，儘管政府在認為出口「確實必要」時可能會予以批准。

Furthermore, the Chinese Ministry of Finance has banned government procurement from 46 U.S. companies, including parts of Lockheed Martin and Boeing. However, U.S. companies registered locally within China are not affected by this ban. The Chinese administration emphasized that these measures are necessary to protect national security and to respond to the 'wrongful expansion' of U.S. military lists.

此外，中國財政部禁止政府向 46 家美國公司採購，包括洛克希德馬丁與波音的部分部門。然而，在中國境內本地註冊的美國公司不受此禁令影響。中國政府強調，這些措施對於保護國家安全以及回應美國軍方名單的「錯誤擴張」是必要的。

Experts suggest that these actions might be mostly symbolic because the targeted U.S. firms do not have a large presence in the Chinese market. Nevertheless, the timing is important as it follows a summit between President Donald Trump and President Xi Jinping. While both leaders publicly agreed to improve economic cooperation, these ongoing restrictions indicate that the strategic rivalry is still active and may spread to other industrial sectors.

專家認為，這些行動可能大多具有象徵意義，因為被針對的美國公司在中國市場的佔比並不高。儘管如此，時間點至關重要，因為這發生在總統川普與習近平主席的峰會之後。雖然兩位領導人公開同意改善經濟合作，但這些持續的限制表明戰略競爭依然激烈，並可能擴展至其他工業部門。

Relations between the two countries remain tense as both nations continue to use trade restrictions to deal with perceived national security threats.

兩國關係依然緊張，因為兩國繼續使用貿易限制來處理其認知的國家安全威脅。

The Chinese government has imposed export controls and procurement bans on several United States-based firms following the expansion of a U.S. Department of Defense blacklist targeting Chinese entities.

由於美國國防部擴大針對中國實體的黑名單，中國政府對數家美國公司實施了出口管制與採購禁令。

The current escalation originated with the U.S. Department of Defense's update to the 1260H list, which designated approximately 80 Chinese entities—including Alibaba, Baidu, and BYD—as contributors to military-civil fusion. This designation precludes these firms from securing direct U.S. military contracts. In response, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce has restricted the export of 'dual-use' materials to 10 U.S. firms. These entities, which include MP Materials, USA Rare Earth, and various aerospace and drone manufacturers such as AVEOX and Oshkosh Defense, are now prohibited from receiving Chinese-origin goods. This restriction extends to third-party intermediaries globally, although provisions exist for 'genuinely necessary' export approvals.

目前的局勢升級源於美國國防部更新 1260H 名單，將約 80 個中國實體（包括阿里巴巴、百度與比亞迪）列為軍民融合的貢獻者。此認定使這些公司無法獲得美國軍方的直接合約。作為回應，中國商務部限制了向 10 家美國公司出口「軍民兩用」物料。這些實體包括 MP Materials、USA Rare Earth 以及 AVEOX 和 Oshkosh Defense 等航太與無人機製造商，目前被禁止接收原產於中國的貨品。此限制延伸至全球第三方中間商，儘管對於「確實必要」的出口申請仍設有審批條款。

Concurrent with these export controls, the Chinese Ministry of Finance has prohibited government procurement from 46 U.S. companies, including subsidiaries of Lockheed Martin, Boeing, and General Dynamics. Notably, U.S.-funded entities registered locally within China remain exempt from this procurement ban. These measures are characterized by the Chinese administration as necessary for the safeguarding of national security and the fulfillment of non-proliferation obligations, while simultaneously serving as a corrective measure against the 'wrongful expansion' of U.S. military lists.

與出口管制同步，中國財政部禁止政府採購 46 家美國公司的產品，包括洛克希德馬丁、波音與通用動力的子公司。值得注意的是，在中國本地註冊且由美國資助的實體仍豁免於此採購禁令。中國政府將這些措施定調為保障國家安全及履行不擴散義務的必要手段，同時作為對美國軍方名單「無理擴大」的糾正措施。

Analytical perspectives suggest that these actions may be largely symbolic, given the limited operational exposure of the targeted U.S. firms within the Chinese market. However, the timing of these restrictions is significant, as they follow a May summit between President Donald Trump and President Xi Jinping. Despite a public commitment to enhance economic cooperation, the persistence of these national security-driven restrictions indicates that the strategic rivalry remains active, potentially signaling a broader expansion of the trade conflict into new industrial sectors.

分析觀點認為，鑑於受影響的美國公司在中國市場的實際業務接觸有限，這些行動可能在很大程度上僅具象徵意義。然而，這些限制措施出台的時間點至關重要，因為其發生在川普總統與習近平主席 5 月份的峰會之後。儘管雙方公開承諾加強經濟合作，但這些由國家安全驅動的限制依然持續，顯示戰略競爭依然活躍，可能預示著貿易衝突將擴大至新的工業領域。

Bilateral relations remain strained as both nations continue to employ restrictive trade and procurement instruments to address perceived national security threats.

由於兩國繼續採用限制性貿易與採購工具來應對感知到的國家安全威脅，雙邊關係依然緊張。