Doctors from the University of South Wales studied one person. They wanted to see how a big football game changes the body.

南威爾斯大學的醫生研究了一個人，他們想看看一場大型足球賽會如何改變身體。

The person watched England play Croatia. The doctors checked the person's heart, blood, and breath. The person did not drink alcohol during the test.

這個人觀看了英格蘭對陣克羅埃西亞。醫生檢查了他的心臟、血液和呼吸。在測試期間，這個人沒有飲酒。

When a player scored a goal, the person's heart beat faster. Their blood pressure went up. They also breathed very quickly.

當球員進球時，這個人的心跳加快，血壓升高，呼吸也變得非常快速。

Professor Damian Bailey says this is like light exercise. It is good for healthy people. But it is dangerous for sick people. People with heart problems can have a heart attack.

Damian Bailey 教授表示，這就像是輕微運動。對於健康的人來說是有益的，但對於病人來說則很危險。有心臟問題的人可能會心臟病發。

Stress from sports is okay for healthy people. But it is very risky for people with medical problems.

運動帶來的壓力對健康的人來說沒問題，但對於有醫療問題的人來說風險很高。

Researchers from the University of South Wales carried out a study to find out how watching a high-pressure football match affects human health.

南威爾斯大學的研究人員進行了一項研究，旨在了解觀看高壓力的足球賽事如何影響人類健康。

The researchers used biometric tools to monitor a person during a World Cup match between England and Croatia. They used ultrasound to measure blood flow in the brain, respiratory devices to check carbon dioxide levels, and saliva tests to measure cortisol, which is a stress hormone. To make sure the results were accurate, the subject did not drink any alcohol, as this would have interfered with the data.

研究人員使用生物識別工具，在英格蘭與克羅埃西亞的世界盃賽事期間監控一名受試者。他們使用超音波測量腦部血流，使用呼吸裝置檢查二氧化碳水平，並透過唾液測試測量壓力荷爾蒙——皮質醇。為了確保結果準確，受試者未飲用任何酒精，因為這將會干擾數據。

The results showed a clear stress response during the most exciting parts of the game. For example, when a penalty goal was scored, the subject's heart rate jumped from 54 to 69 beats per minute in just half a second. Furthermore, blood pressure increased and blood flow to the brain decreased because the person was breathing too quickly. By the end of the match, cortisol levels had risen from 4.19 nmol/L to 5.15 nmol/L.

結果顯示，在比賽最激烈的片段中，身體有明顯的壓力反應。例如，當射入罰球時，受試者的心率在短短半秒內從每分鐘 54 次跳升至 69 次。此外，由於受試者呼吸過快，導致血壓升高且腦血流量減少。到比賽結束時，皮質醇水平從 4.19 nmol/L 升至 5.15 nmol/L。

Professor Damian Bailey explained that these reactions are like a 'fight-or-flight' response, which can be similar to light exercise for healthy people. However, he emphasized that not everyone reacts the same way. While the person in this study was healthy, Professor Bailey asserted that people with heart or brain conditions could face serious risks. For instance, high blood pressure and thicker blood could cause a heart attack or lead to fainting.

Damian Bailey 教授解釋，這些反應就像「戰或逃」反應，對於健康的人來說，與輕微運動類似。然而，他強調並非每個人的反應都相同。雖然本研究中的受試者很健康，但 Bailey 教授斷言，患有心臟或腦部疾病的人可能會面臨嚴重風險。例如，高血壓和血液黏稠度增加可能會導致心臟病發或昏厥。

The study concludes that while moderate stress from sports can be harmless or even helpful for healthy people, it can be very dangerous for those with existing medical problems.

研究結論指出，雖然運動帶來的適度壓力對健康的人來說無害甚至有益，但對於已有醫療問題的人來說，則可能非常危險。

Researchers from the University of South Wales conducted a physiological study to determine the impact of viewing a high-stakes football match on human health.

南威爾斯大學的研究人員進行了一項生理研究，以確定觀看一場高風險足球賽事對人體健康的影響。

The methodology involved the application of comprehensive biometric monitoring to a subject during an England versus Croatia World Cup fixture. Instrumentation included ultrasound probes for cerebral blood flow measurement, respiratory devices to monitor carbon dioxide output, and saliva sampling to quantify cortisol levels. To ensure the integrity of the data, the subject remained abstinent from alcohol, thereby eliminating the confounding variable of depressant effects.

研究方法是在英格蘭對陣克羅埃西亞的世界盃賽事期間，對受試者進行全面的生物指標監控。儀器包括用於測量腦血流量的超音波探頭、監控二氧化碳輸出量的呼吸設備，以及用於量化皮質醇水平的唾液樣本。為確保數據的完整性，受試者在期間禁酒，從而排除鎮靜效果這一干擾變數。

Quantitative data indicated a classic stress response correlated with critical match events. Specifically, upon a successful penalty goal, the subject's heart rate increased from approximately 54 to 69 beats per minute within a half-second interval. This was accompanied by an elevation in blood pressure and a reduction in cerebral blood flow, the latter attributed to mild hyperventilation. Cortisol levels rose from a baseline of 4.19 nmol/L to 5.15 nmol/L by the conclusion of the event.

定量數據顯示，壓力反應與比賽的關鍵事件相關。具體而言，在一次成功的點球進球後，受試者的心率在半秒內從約每分鐘 54 次增加到 69 次。隨之而來的是血壓升高和腦血流量減少，後者歸因於輕微的過度換氣。皮質醇水平在賽事結束時從 4.19 nmol/L 的基線升至 5.15 nmol/L。

Professor Damian Bailey characterized these findings as a beneficial 'fight-or-flight' activation, analogous to mild physical exercise, provided the subject possesses a robust cardiovascular baseline. However, the researchers noted a significant variance in individual susceptibility. While the subject demonstrated a resilient physiological profile, Professor Bailey posited that individuals with pre-existing cardiac or neurological conditions could experience severe adverse effects. Such complications may include myocardial infarction due to increased blood viscosity and vascular constriction, or syncope resulting from altered cerebral perfusion.

Damian Bailey 教授將這些發現描述為一種有益的「戰或逃」激活，類似於輕微的體育鍛煉，前提是受試者擁有強健的心血管基礎。然而，研究人員注意到個體敏感性存在顯著差異。雖然該受試者表現出強韌的生理特徵，但 Bailey 教授認為，患有既存心臟或神經系統疾病的人可能會經歷嚴重的副作用。此類併發症可能包括因血液黏稠度增加和血管收縮而導致的心肌梗死，或因腦灌注改變而導致的暈厥。

The study concludes that while moderate stress responses can be benign or beneficial for healthy individuals, they pose substantial risks to those with underlying medical vulnerabilities.

研究結論認為，雖然適度的壓力反應對於健康個體可能是無害或有益的，但對於有潛在醫療脆弱性的人來說，則構成重大風險。