This report talks about heat sickness. It explains the difference between heat exhaustion and heatstroke. It also tells you how to help people.

本報告探討熱相關疾病。文中解釋了熱衰竭與中暑的區別，並告訴您如何提供幫助。

Heat exhaustion makes you sweat and feel sick. Heatstroke is more dangerous. In heatstroke, the body temperature is over 40°C. The person may feel confused or pass out.

熱衰竭會使您出汗並感到不適。中暑則更危險。中暑時，體溫會超過 40°C，患者可能會感到意識混亂或昏迷。

Hot and wet air is dangerous. Old people and children get sick more easily. People with heart problems also have more risk.

高溫且潮濕的空氣很危險。長者和兒童更容易生病，有心臟問題的人風險也更高。

If someone has heatstroke, call a doctor fast. Move the person to a cool place. Put cold cloths on their neck and armpits. Give them water only if they are awake.

如果有人中暑，請立即就醫。將患者移至涼爽的地方，在他們的頸部和腋下放置冷敷布。僅在患者清醒時才給予飲水。

Do not drink too much plain water. Drink water with salt or minerals. Eat light food because heat makes it hard for the stomach to work.

不要飲用過多純水。請飲用含有鹽分或礦物質的水。食用清淡食物，因為高溫會使胃腸功能下降。

You must know the signs of heat sickness. Cool the body fast and drink the right liquids to stay safe.

您必須了解熱相關疾病的徵兆。快速為身體降溫並飲用正確的液體以確保安全。

This report examines how extreme heat affects the body, explaining the differences between heat exhaustion and heatstroke while providing medical treatments and prevention methods.

本報告探討極端高溫如何影響身體，解釋熱衰竭與熱射病之間的區別，並提供醫療處理與預防方法。

The main difference between heat exhaustion and heatstroke depends on the person's body temperature and brain function. Heat exhaustion usually involves heavy sweating, nausea, and a fast heart rate, but the person remains aware of their surroundings. In contrast, heatstroke is a medical emergency where the body temperature rises above 40°C, leading to confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness. While some people with heatstroke stop sweating, the most important sign is a change in mental state.

熱衰竭與熱射病的主要區別在於患者的體溫與腦功能。熱衰竭通常伴隨大量出汗、噁心及心跳加快，但患者仍保持意識。相比之下，熱射病是一種醫療緊急情況，體溫會升至 40°C 以上，導致意識混亂、抽搐或喪失意識。雖然部分熱射病患者會停止出汗，但最關鍵的跡象是精神狀態的改變。

Environmental factors, such as high humidity and temperature, make it harder for the body to cool down through sweat. This increases the risk of severe heat illness, especially in poorly ventilated areas like crowded gyms. Furthermore, certain groups are more vulnerable, including elderly people—who may not feel thirsty or sweat as much—children, and individuals with heart or kidney problems.

環境因素（如高濕度與高溫）會使身體更難透過出汗來冷卻。這增加了患嚴重熱疾病的風險，尤其是在通風不良的區域，如擁擠的健身房。此外，特定群體較為脆弱，包括可能感覺不到口渴或出汗較少的年長者、兒童，以及患有心臟或腎臟問題的人士。

If heatstroke is suspected, the priority is to cool the patient quickly and call emergency services. Recommended steps include moving the person to a cool area and applying cold packs to the neck, armpits, and groin. Fluids should only be given if the person is conscious. It is important to note that drinking too much plain water without electrolytes can cause a dangerous drop in salt levels. Consequently, using oral rehydration salts or sports drinks is advised to maintain a healthy balance.

若懷疑患有熱射病，首要任務是迅速為患者降溫並撥打急救電話。建議步驟包括將患者移至陰涼處，並在頸部、腋下和鼠蹊部使用冷敷包。僅在患者意識清醒時才可提供液體。重要的是，在缺乏電解質的情況下飲用過多純水可能會導致血鈉濃度危險下降。因此，建議使用口服補液鹽或運動飲料以維持健康的平衡。

Managing heat-related illnesses requires a clear understanding of how symptoms progress and the use of fast cooling and balanced hydration techniques.

管理熱相關疾病需要清楚了解症狀的進展，並運用快速降溫與平衡補水的技巧。

This report examines the physiological impact of extreme thermal exposure, distinguishing between heat exhaustion and heatstroke while outlining medical interventions and preventative protocols.

本報告探討極端高溫暴露對生理的影響，區分熱衰竭與中暑，並概述醫療干預與預防方案。

The clinical distinction between heat exhaustion and heatstroke is predicated upon the integrity of neurological function and core body temperature. Heat exhaustion is characterized by diaphoresis, nausea, and tachycardia, while the patient remains cognitively intact. Conversely, heatstroke is identified by a core temperature exceeding 40°C and the onset of cerebral dysfunction, manifesting as disorientation, seizures, or loss of consciousness. While a lack of perspiration is often associated with advanced heatstroke due to the failure of thermoregulatory mechanisms, it is not a definitive diagnostic criterion; mental status alteration remains the primary indicator.

熱衰竭與中暑在臨床上的區別，是基於神經系統功能與核心體溫。熱衰竭的特徵為出汗、噁心與心跳加快，但患者的意識保持清醒。相反地，中暑的定義是核心體溫超過 40°C 且出現腦功能障礙，表現為意識混亂、抽搐或失去意識。雖然由於體溫調節機制失效，嚴重中暑通常與缺乏出汗相關，但這並非決定性的診斷標準；意識狀態的改變仍是主要指標。

Environmental variables, specifically the synergy between ambient temperature and humidity, significantly impede evaporative cooling. This atmospheric condition increases the risk of exertional heatstroke and rhabdomyolysis, particularly in poorly ventilated environments such as crowded fitness centers. Vulnerability is further exacerbated in specific demographics, including geriatric populations—due to diminished thirst perception and reduced sweat capacity—and pediatric groups, as well as individuals with cardiovascular or renal comorbidities.

環境變數，特別是環境溫度與濕度的協同作用，會顯著阻礙蒸發冷卻。這種大氣條件增加了運動性中暑與橫紋肌溶解症的風險，尤其是在通風不良的環境中，例如擁擠的健身中心。特定人群的脆弱性更高，包括長者（由於渴覺降低且出汗能力下降）、兒童，以及患有心血管或腎臟共病者。

Immediate intervention for suspected heatstroke necessitates the prioritization of rapid cooling and the solicitation of emergency medical services. Recommended protocols include the relocation of the patient to a climate-controlled environment, the application of cold compresses to high-vascularity areas (neck, axillae, and groin), and the administration of fluids only if consciousness is maintained. Regarding hydration, the consumption of plain water in excessive quantities without electrolyte replacement may precipitate hyponatremia. Consequently, the utilization of oral rehydration salts (ORS) or electrolyte-rich traditional beverages is advised to maintain osmotic balance.

若懷疑中暑，立即干預必須優先進行快速冷卻並請求緊急醫療服務。建議方案包括將患者移至控溫環境、在血管豐富區域（頸部、腋下與腹股溝）使用冷敷，且僅在意識清醒時才提供水分。關於補水，過量飲用純水而未補充電解質可能會導致低nat血症。因此，建議使用口服補液鹽 (ORS) 或富含電解質的傳統飲品以維持滲透壓平衡。

Physiological responses to extreme heat also extend to the gastrointestinal system. The redirection of blood flow from the visceral organs to the periphery to facilitate thermoregulation often results in reduced digestive efficiency, manifesting as anorexia or bloating. To mitigate these effects, the consumption of light, nutrient-dense meals is recommended.

對極端高溫的生理反應也延伸至胃腸系統。為了促進體溫調節，血液從內臟器官分流至周邊，通常導致消化效率降低，表現為食慾不振或腹脹。為了緩解這些影響，建議食用輕盈且營養密集的餐點。

The management of heat-related illness requires a precise understanding of symptom progression and the implementation of rapid cooling and balanced hydration strategies.

管理與高溫相關的疾病，需要對症狀進展有精確的認識，並執行快速冷卻與平衡補水策略。