Houses and laws in the UK and Canada are not good for very hot weather. Many people are in danger.

英國與加拿大的房屋和法律並不適用於極端酷熱的天氣，許多人因此面臨危險。

In England, many houses keep heat inside. This is bad for children. About 1.5 million children live in houses that are too hot. Experts want to change the laws and use new materials to keep houses cool.

在英國，許多房屋會將熱氣困在室內。這對兒童非常不利。約有 150 萬名兒童住在過熱的房屋中。專家希望修改法律並使用新材料來保持房屋涼爽。

In Canada, many people died during a big heat event. Old apartments did not have fresh air. Now, the city says these apartments must have better air systems.

在加拿大，一次重大熱浪事件期間有許多人死亡。舊公寓缺乏新鮮空氣。現在市政府表示，這些公寓必須配備更好的空氣系統。

Also, farm workers in Canada are in danger. The rules for work are not clear. Experts say workers must have water, shade, and clean toilets when it is very hot.

此外，加拿大的農場工人也面臨危險。工作規範並不明確。專家表示，在酷熱天氣下，工人必須提供飲用水、遮蔭處以及乾淨的廁所。

Both countries are now making new rules for buildings and work to keep people safe from heat.

這兩個國家目前正在制定新的建築與工作規範，以確保人們在酷熱中能保持安全。

Recent data from England and British Columbia show that current buildings and government rules are failing to protect people from the risks of rising temperatures.

來自英格蘭與卑詩省的最新數據顯示，目前的建築物與政府法規未能有效保護民眾免受氣溫上升的風險。

In the United Kingdom, the National Housing Federation (NHF) and the Chartered Institute of Housing (CIH) have emphasized that old building standards do not match today's climate. Government data shows that about 1.59 million children live in homes that cannot regulate heat properly. The NHF asserts that English houses were built to keep heat inside rather than keep it out, which causes indoor temperatures to rise above the safe levels recommended by the NHS for infants. Furthermore, many renters cannot make changes to their homes due to legal restrictions. Consequently, experts are calling for better building regulations and the use of reflective materials to prevent overheating.

在英國，國家住房聯合會 (NHF) 與特許房屋學院 (CIH) 強調，舊有的建築標準已不符合今日的氣候。政府數據顯示，約有 159 萬名兒童居住在無法有效調節溫度的房屋中。NHF 主張英格蘭的房屋設計初衷是為了保溫而非隔熱，導致室內溫度升至超過 NHS 建議嬰兒安全的水準。此外，許多租戶因法律限制而無法對房屋進行改造。因此，專家呼籲應改善建築法規並使用反射材料以防止過熱。

Similarly, in British Columbia, a review of a previous 'heat dome' event—which caused over 600 deaths—shows the danger of high temperatures remaining inside urban apartments at night. Mayor Patrick Johnstone of New Westminster noted that a lack of ventilation in old, cheap apartments led to deaths among vulnerable people. As a result, the city has introduced new laws to require ventilation upgrades. Additionally, research from the University of Victoria suggests that WorkSafeBC's current rules for heat at work are unclear. The study recommends a 'trigger temperature' system to ensure that workers, especially those in agriculture, have mandatory access to water, shade, and toilets.

同樣地，在卑詩省，對先前導致超過 600 人死亡的「熱穹頂」事件進行回顧後，顯示城市公寓在夜間仍維持高溫具有危險性。新西敏市市長 Patrick Johnstone 指出，老舊且廉價的公寓缺乏通風，導致弱勢群體死亡。因此，該市已引入新法律，要求對通風設施進行升級。此外，維多利亞大學的研究指出，WorkSafeBC 目前關於工作環境高溫的規定並不清晰。該研究建議採用「觸發溫度」系統，以確保工人（尤其是農業工人）能強制性地獲得水、遮蔭處及廁所。

Both regions are now moving away from simply reacting to crises and are instead creating permanent, heat-resistant building codes and labor laws.

這兩個地區目前正從單純的危機反應，轉向制定永久性的耐熱建築法規與勞工法規。

Recent data and retrospective analyses from England and British Columbia indicate a systemic failure of existing infrastructure and regulatory frameworks to mitigate the risks associated with escalating ambient temperatures.

近期來自英格蘭與卑詩省的數據與追溯分析顯示，現有基礎設施與監管框架在緩解氣溫升高相關風險方面存在系統性失效。

In the United Kingdom, the National Housing Federation (NHF) and the Chartered Institute of Housing (CIH) have identified a significant misalignment between historical architectural standards and current climatic realities. Analysis of government data suggests that approximately 1.59 million children, including one in six infants, reside in dwellings characterized by inadequate thermal regulation. The NHF posits that the English housing stock was engineered for heat retention rather than exclusion, leading to internal temperatures that exceed NHS-recommended thresholds for infant safety (16-20°C). This structural deficiency is compounded by leasehold restrictions that preclude residents from implementing external modifications. Consequently, institutional representatives are advocating for a strategic shift toward targeted retrofitting, the adoption of reflective exterior materials, and the strengthening of building regulations to address overheating.

在英國，國家住房聯合會 (NHF) 與特許住房學院 (CIH) 發現，歷史建築標準與目前的氣候現實之間存在嚴重脫節。政府數據分析顯示，約有 159 萬名兒童（包括六分之一的嬰兒）居住在熱調節不足的住宅中。NHF 認為英格蘭的房屋設計旨在保溫而非隔熱，導致室內溫度超過了 NHS 建議的嬰兒安全閾值（16-20°C）。這種結構性缺陷加上租賃限制，使得住戶無法對房屋外部進行修改。因此，機構代表正倡導將策略轉向針對性翻新、採用反射性外牆材料，以及加強建築法規以解決過熱問題。

Parallelly, in British Columbia, the retrospective evaluation of a historical 'heat dome' event—which resulted in over 600 fatalities—highlights the critical danger of nocturnal thermal persistence in urban residential units. Mayor Patrick Johnstone of New Westminster noted that a lack of ventilation in older, low-cost apartments contributed to fatalities among isolated and vulnerable populations. In response, municipal bylaws have been implemented to mandate ventilation retrofits. Simultaneously, academic research from the University of Victoria suggests that WorkSafeBC's current occupational heat exposure regulations are characterized by ambiguity. The study advocates for the implementation of a 'trigger temperature approach' to ensure mandatory access to hydration, shade, and sanitation, particularly for agricultural laborers whose precarious residency status may inhibit the reporting of hazardous conditions.

與此同時，在卑詩省，對一次導致超過 600 人死亡的歷史性「熱穹頂」事件進行的追溯評估，凸顯了城市住宅單位在夜間熱量持續存在的危險性。新西敏市市長 Patrick Johnstone 指出，舊式低成本公寓缺乏通風，導致孤立與脆弱群體出現死亡個案。作為回應，市政法規已開始強制要求進行通風翻新。同時，維多利亞大學的學術研究指出，WorkSafeBC 目前的職業熱暴露法規存在模糊之處。研究倡導實施「觸發溫度法」，以確保工人能強制獲取水分、遮蔭與衛生設施，特別是對於居住身份不穩定、可能不敢舉報危險環境的農業勞工。

Both jurisdictions are currently transitioning from reactive crisis management toward the institutionalization of heat-resilient building codes and labor regulations.

兩個司法管轄區目前正從反應式的危機管理，轉向將耐熱建築法規與勞工法規制度化。