More Judges for the Supreme Court of India
More Judges for the Supreme Court of India
印度最高法院需要更多法官
Introduction
The Supreme Court of India needs more judges. Some judges retired, but the law now allows more judges to work there.
印度最高法院需要更多法官。部分法官已退休，但目前的法律允許更多法官在此任職。
Main Body
The government changed the law in May 2026. Now, the court can have 38 judges. Before, it had 34. The court has too many cases. More judges will help the court finish the work faster.
政府在2026年5月修改了法律。現在法院可以有38名法官，之前是34名。法院的案件過多，增加法官將有助於法院更快完成工作。
Five new judges started work in June. But two judges retired in June. Two more judges will retire in August and November. Now, the court has three empty seats.
六月有五名新法官開始任職。但六月也有兩名法官退休。另外兩名法官將於八月和十一月退休。目前法院有三個空缺。
A small group of five senior judges chooses new judges. This group is called the Collegium. Justice P S Narasimha is now a member of this group. He helps choose the new judges.
由五名資深法官組成的小組負責選任新法官。該小組被稱為 Collegium。P S Narasimha 法官目前是該小組的成員，他負責協助選任新法官。
Conclusion
The court has 35 judges now. It needs 38. The Collegium will find new judges soon.
法院目前有35名法官，但需要38名。Collegium 很快將會選出新法官。
Vocabulary Learning
🕒 Time and Change
Look at how the story talks about time. We use different words for things that happened and things that will happen.
Past (Finished)
- Changed (May 2026) → The law is different now.
- Retired (June) → They left their jobs.
- Had (Before) → The court was smaller.
Future (Coming soon)
- Will retire (August/November) → They are still working, but will stop later.
- Will help → This is a goal for the future.
- Will find → The group is searching now for later.
Present (Now)
- Has → The court has 35 judges today.
- Is → Justice Narasimha is a member now.
Quick Logic:
- Old Changed/Had/Retired
- Now Has/Is
- Next Will
Vocabulary Learning
Changes to the Number of Judges and the Collegium in the Supreme Court of India
印度最高法院法官人數與合議庭的變動
Introduction
The Supreme Court of India is currently adjusting its number of judges after a legal increase in its total capacity and the retirement of several justices.
印度最高法院在法律上增加總額後，加上多位法官退休，目前正在調整法官人數。
Main Body
The total number of judges in the Supreme Court has been officially increased. According to the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Ordinance 2026, issued on May 16, the official limit rose from 34 to 38 judges, including the Chief Justice of India (CJI). This change was made to implement a government proposal from May 5 while Parliament was not meeting. The administration emphasized that this increase is necessary to improve judicial efficiency and speed up the resolution of cases, especially since the number of pending cases reached a peak of 92,429 by May 31, 2026.
最高法院的法官總數已正式增加。根據 5 月 16 日發布的《2026 年最高法院（法官人數）修正條例》，官方上限從 34 位增加到 38 位法官，包括印度首席大法官 (CJI)。此變動是為了在國會休會期間，執行政府 5 月 5 日提出的建議。行政部門強調，由於截至 2026 年 5 月 31 日，積壓案件數達到 92,429 件的高峰，因此增加人數對於提高司法效率及加速案件處理至關重要。
Historically, the court has grown from eight judges in 1950 to its current limit through several increases over the decades. Although five new judges were appointed on June 2, the court still has three vacancies. These vacancies were caused by the retirements of Justice Pankaj Mithal on June 16 and Justice JK Maheshwari on June 28. Furthermore, more vacancies are expected when Justice Sanjay Karol retires on August 22 and Justice Satish Chandra Sharma retires on November 29.
從歷史上看，法院從 1950 年的 8 位法官開始，經過數十年的多次增加，達到目前的上限。雖然 6 月 2 日任命了 5 位新法官，但法院仍有 3 個空缺。這些空缺是由於法官 Pankaj Mithal 於 6 月 16 日以及法官 JK Maheshwari 於 6 月 28 日退休所致。此外，預計在法官 Sanjay Karol 於 8 月 22 日及法官 Satish Chandra Sharma 於 11 月 29 日退休後，將出現更多空缺。
Along with these personnel changes, there is a shift in the Supreme Court Collegium. After Justice Maheshwari left, Justice P S Narasimha became the fifth senior-most judge and joined the Collegium. Justice Narasimha has a distinguished career, having served as a senior advocate and Additional Solicitor General of India. The Collegium, which was established in 1993, now consists of CJI Surya Kant and four other senior justices. This group is responsible for recommending judicial appointments, although the government can ask them to reconsider these suggestions.
除了這些人事變動，最高法院合議庭 (Collegium) 也有所更替。在法官 Maheshwari 離職後，法官 P S Narasimha 成為第五位資深法官並加入合議庭。法官 Narasimha 擁有卓越的職業生涯，曾擔任資深律師及印度額外總檢察長。合議庭成立於 1993 年，目前由首席大法官 Surya Kant 及另外四位資深法官組成。該小組負責推薦司法任命，儘管政府可以要求其重新考慮這些建議。
Conclusion
The Supreme Court currently has 35 judges out of a possible 38, and the Collegium is now working to fill the current and upcoming vacancies.
最高法院目前在 38 個名額中已有 35 位法官，合議庭目前正努力填補現有及即將出現的空缺。
Vocabulary Learning
⚡ The Power of 'Nominalization' (Turning Actions into Things)
At the A2 level, you usually say: "The government proposed this, so they increased the number of judges." (Simple Subject + Verb).
To reach B2, you need to move toward Nominalization. This is when we turn a verb (an action) into a noun (a thing). This makes your English sound more professional, academic, and precise.
Look at this shift from the text:
- A2 Style: The court grew over many decades. The court grew.
- B2 Style: Through several increases over the decades.
Why does this matter? By using "increases" (the noun) instead of "increased" (the verb), the writer can pack more information into one sentence without it sounding like a child's story. It changes the focus from who did the action to what happened.
🛠️ B2 Upgrade Kit: From Action Concept
Observe how these words from the article transform a simple sentence into a "B2-level" statement:
-
Resolution (from to resolve)
- A2: They want to resolve cases faster.
- B2: To speed up the resolution of cases.
-
Appointment (from to appoint)
- A2: They are appointing new judges.
- B2: Recommending judicial appointments.
-
Capacity (from to hold/contain)
- A2: The court can hold more judges now.
- B2: An increase in its total capacity.
💡 Pro Tip for the Transition
Next time you write a sentence with a simple verb, ask yourself: "Can I turn this action into a noun?"
- Instead of: "We need to improve the system."
- Try: "An improvement of the system is necessary."
This subtle shift is the "secret bridge" that moves your writing from basic communication to professional fluency.
Vocabulary Learning
Adjustment of Judicial Strength and Collegium Composition within the Supreme Court of India.
印度最高法院司法人力與合議庭組成之調整
Introduction
The Supreme Court of India is currently managing fluctuations in its judicial strength following a legislative increase in sanctioned capacity and the retirement of several justices.
印度最高法院目前正處理司法人力的波動，這是由於立法增加核定員額以及數名法官退休所致。
Main Body
The institutional capacity of the Supreme Court has undergone a formal expansion. Pursuant to the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Ordinance 2026, promulgated on May 16, the sanctioned strength was augmented from 34 to 38 judges, including the Chief Justice of India (CJI). This legislative mechanism was utilized to provide immediate effect to a Union Cabinet proposal approved on May 5, as Parliament was not in session. The administration asserted that this augmentation is requisite for the optimization of judicial efficiency and the acceleration of case resolution, particularly given that pendency reached a peak of 92,429 cases as of May 31, 2026.
最高法院的制度容量已進行正式擴充。根據 5 月 16 日頒布的《最高法院（法官人數）修正條例 2026》，核定員額從 34 位增加至 38 位法官，包括印度首席大法官 (CJI)。由於當時國會未開會，因此利用此立法機制以即時執行 5 月 5 日通過的聯邦內閣提案。行政部門主張，鑑於截至 2026 年 5 月 31 日，積壓案件達到 92,429 件的峰值，此次增員對於優化司法效率與加速案件解決至關重要。
Historically, the court's composition has evolved from eight judges in 1950 to the current sanctioned limit, with incremental increases occurring in 1956, 1960, 1977, 1986, 2009, and 2019. Despite the recent appointment of five judges on June 2—including Justices Sheel Nagu, Shree Chandrashekhar, Sanjeev Sachdeva, Arun Palli, and V. Mohana—the court currently maintains three vacancies. This deficit resulted from the retirements of Justice Pankaj Mithal on June 16 and Justice JK Maheshwari on June 28. Further vacancies are anticipated following the scheduled retirements of Justice Sanjay Karol on August 22 and Justice Satish Chandra Sharma on November 29.
從歷史來看，法院的組成從 1950 年的 8 位法官演變至目前的核定上限，並在 1956 年、1960 年、1977 年、1986 年、2009 年及 2019 年逐步增加。儘管 6 月 2 日新任命了 5 位法官——包括 Sheel Nagu、Shree Chandrashekhar、Sanjeev Sachdeva、Arun Palli 及 V. Mohana 法官——但法院目前仍有 3 個空缺。此缺口源於 Pankaj Mithal 法官於 6 月 16 日及 JK Maheshwari 法官於 6 月 28 日退休。隨著 Sanjay Karol 法官於 8 月 22 日及 Satish Chandra Sharma 法官於 11 月 29 日按計畫退休，預計將出現更多空缺。
Concomitant with these personnel changes is a shift in the Supreme Court Collegium. Following the departure of Justice Maheshwari, Justice P S Narasimha has ascended to the Collegium as the fifth senior-most judge. Justice Narasimha's professional trajectory includes service as a senior advocate, Additional Solicitor General of India in 2014, and a direct elevation from the Bar in 2021. The Collegium, established via judicial precedent in 1993, now comprises CJI Surya Kant and Justices Vikram Nath, B V Nagarathna, M M Sundresh, and P S Narasimha. This body retains the authority to recommend judicial appointments and transfers, though the executive branch maintains the prerogative to return such recommendations for reconsideration.
與這些人事變動同時發生的是最高法院合議庭的轉變。隨著 Maheshwari 法官離任，P S Narasimha 法官晉升至合議庭，成為第五位資深法官。Narasimha 法官的專業經歷包括擔任資深律師、2014 年擔任印度額外律政司，以及 2021 年由律師界直接獲任。合議庭於 1993 年根據司法先例成立，目前由首席大法官 Surya Kant 及 Vikram Nath、B V Nagarathna、M M Sundresh 與 P S Narasimha 法官組成。該機構保有推薦司法任命與調任的權限，儘管行政部門仍擁有將此類推薦退回重新考慮的特權。
Conclusion
The Supreme Court is presently operating with 35 judges against a sanctioned strength of 38, with the Collegium tasked with addressing current and imminent vacancies.
最高法院目前在核定員額 38 位的情況下，實際運作人數為 35 位法官，合議庭負責處理目前及即將出現的空缺。
Vocabulary Learning
The Architecture of 'Formalism': Navigating High-Register Nominalization
To transition from B2 to C2, a student must move beyond describing actions and begin describing states of being and systemic processes. This text is a masterclass in Nominalization—the linguistic process of turning verbs (actions) into nouns (concepts). This shift transforms a narrative into an institutional record.
⚖️ The 'Action' vs. The 'Institution'
Compare these two ways of expressing the same reality:
- B2 Approach (Verbal/Narrative): The government increased the number of judges because they wanted to solve cases faster.
- C2 Approach (Nominal/Formal): *"This legislative mechanism was utilized to provide immediate effect to a Union Cabinet proposal... for the optimization of judicial efficiency."
In the C2 version, the focus is no longer on who is doing what, but on the mechanisms (the legislative mechanism, the proposal, the optimization). This creates an aura of objectivity and professional detachment essential for legal and diplomatic discourse.
🔍 Deconstructing the 'C2 Lexical Bridge'
Notice the strategic use of Latinate precision to replace common verbs:
| Common Verb | C2 Nominal/Formal Substitute | Contextual Nuance |
|---|---|---|
| Happen at the same time | Concomitant with | Suggests a systemic link, not just a coincidence. |
| Increase | Augmentation | Implies a formal, planned addition to a structure. |
| Start/Put into law | Promulgated | Specifically refers to the official proclamation of a law. |
| Move up | Ascended to | Denotes a formal rise in rank or hierarchy. |
🛠️ The Syntactic Pivot: The 'Prepositional Chain'
C2 mastery is evidenced by the ability to sustain long, complex noun phrases without losing grammatical coherence. Observe this chain:
"...the sanctioned strength was augmented from 34 to 38 judges, including the Chief Justice of India (CJI)."
Here, the subject is not a person, but "the sanctioned strength." By making an abstract concept the subject, the writer removes subjectivity.
Pro Tip for C2 Acquisition: Stop asking "What happened?" and start asking "What process occurred?" Instead of saying "The court is changing how it works," say "The institutional capacity of the court has undergone a formal expansion."