The European Union (EU) has new rules for trade. They want to change how they buy things from China and the USA.

歐盟出台了新的貿易規定，他們希望改變從中國和美國採購商品的方式。

The EU wants to buy fewer things from China. Now, people must pay 3 euros for small packages from sites like Temu and Shein. Also, the EU will charge more money for some Chinese steel.

歐盟希望減少從中國進口商品。現在，從 Temu 和 Shein 等網站購買的小包裹必須支付 3 歐元。此外，歐盟將對部分中國鋼鐵徵收更高費用。

At the same time, the EU is friendly with the USA. The EU stopped charging extra money for some American industrial goods and food. This agreement lasts until 2029.

與此同時，歐盟對美國較為友好。歐盟停止了對部分美國工業產品和食品徵收額外費用。這項協議將持續至 2029 年。

China is not happy. Chinese leaders say they are not the problem. Some experts think China will not change its rules because it has important materials that other countries need.

中國對此表示不滿。中國領導人表示他們並非問題所在。一些專家認為，由於中國擁有其他國家需要的重要原料，因此不會改變其規定。

The EU is protecting its own business from China but opening trade with the USA.

歐盟在保護自身產業免受中國影響的同時，也對美國開放貿易。

The European Union has introduced new trade rules to reduce the trade gap with China and to meet its trade agreements with the United States.

歐盟引入了新的貿易規則，旨在縮小與中國的貿易差額，並履行與美國簽署的貿易協定。

The European Commission has created two main plans to deal with the trade deficit with China, which reached about 360 billion euros in 2025. First, the EU removed the tax exemption for small parcels worth less than 150 euros and added a 3 euro fee. This measure targets a high number of cheap imports from companies like Temu and Shein, which the Commission emphasized often break safety and environmental rules. Second, the EU set a limit of 18.3 million tons for tax-free steel; any amount above this will face a 50% tax. This is intended to stop the negative effects of foreign subsidies that caused European steel production to hit a record low in 2026.

歐盟委員會制定了兩項主要計劃來處理與中國的貿易逆差，該逆差在 2025 年達到約 3,600 億歐元。首先，歐盟取消了價值低於 150 歐元的小包裹免稅優惠，並加收 3 歐元費用。此舉針對大量來自 Temu 和 Shein 等公司的廉價進口商品，委員會強調這些商品經常違反安全與環境規則。其次，歐盟為免稅鋼材設定了 1,830 萬噸的上限；任何超過此數量的鋼材將面臨 50% 的稅率。這旨在阻止外國補貼造成的負面影響，該影響導致歐洲鋼鐵產量在 2026 年跌至歷史新低。

At the same time, the EU has improved its relationship with the United States by removing taxes on several US industrial goods and allowing easier access for some agricultural and seafood products. This action follows an agreement made in July 2025, although the US still keeps a 15% tax on goods from the EU. These arrangements include safety measures and are expected to last until December 31, 2029.

與此同時，歐盟透過取消多項美國工業產品的關稅，並允許部分農產品與海鮮產品更容易進入市場，改善了與美國的關係。此行動是根據 2025 年 7 月達成的協議，儘管美國仍對歐盟商品徵收 15% 的關稅。這些安排包括安全措施，預計將持續至 2029 年 12 月 31 日。

Different leaders have different views on these changes. While the EU wants a fair competition environment, Chinese officials, such as spokesperson Guo Jiakun, asserted that China is not responsible for Europe's economic problems. Furthermore, analysts suggest that because China controls rare earth materials, it may not be willing to make compromises. Some experts also warn that if many countries use these protectionist measures together, it could damage China's international position.

不同領導人對這些變革持有不同看法。雖然歐盟希望建立公平的競爭環境，但中國官員（如發言人郭佳昆）堅稱中國不應為歐洲的經濟問題負責。此外，分析師指出，由於中國控制著稀土材料，可能不願做出妥協。部分專家也警告，若多國共同採取這些保護主義措施，可能會損害中國的國際地位。

In summary, the European Union is using a two-part strategy: protecting its own industries from China while opening trade further with the United States.

總結來說，歐盟正採取一套雙管齊下的策略：在保護自身產業免受中國影響的同時，進一步開放與美國的貿易。

The European Union has enacted new regulatory measures to mitigate trade imbalances with China while simultaneously fulfilling trade commitments to the United States.

歐盟已採取新的監管措施，旨在緩解與中國的貿易失衡，同時履行對美國的貿易承諾。

The European Commission has introduced two primary mechanisms to address the systemic trade deficit with China, which reached approximately 360 billion euros in 2025. First, the bloc has abolished the 'de minimis' customs exemption for parcels valued under 150 euros, introducing a 3 euro duty. This measure targets the high volume of low-value imports—predominantly managed by entities such as Temu and Shein—which the Commission asserts frequently contravene safety and environmental standards. Second, the EU has established tariff-free quotas of 18.3 million metric tons for steel, imposing a 50% out-of-quota duty on 26 steel categories. This is intended to counteract global overcapacity and the effects of foreign subsidies that have contributed to a historic low in European crude steel output in 2026.

歐盟委員會推出了兩個主要機制，以解決與中國之間系統性的貿易赤字，該赤字在 2025 年達到約 3,600 億歐元。首先，該聯盟取消了價值低於 150 歐元包裹的「微量豁免」海關免稅，改為徵收 3 歐元關稅。此措施針對大量低價值進口貨品——主要由 Temu 和 Shein 等實體管理——歐盟委員會稱這些貨品經常違反安全與環境標準。其次，歐盟為鋼鐵設定了 1,830 萬公噸的免關稅配額，對 26 類鋼鐵產品徵收 50% 的超配額關稅。此舉旨在對抗全球產能過剩及外國補貼的影響，這些因素導致 2026 年歐洲粗鋼產量跌至歷史低點。

Conversely, the EU has executed a rapprochement with the United States by eliminating tariffs on various U.S. industrial goods and granting preferential access to specific agricultural and seafood products. This action fulfills a joint statement finalized in July 2025, under which the U.S. maintains a 15% tariff on EU-origin goods. These transatlantic arrangements include safeguard mechanisms and are slated to remain effective until December 31, 2029.

相反地，歐盟透過取消多項美國工業產品的關稅，並向特定農產品和海鮮產品提供優惠准入，與美國達成了和解。此行動履行了 2025 年 7 月敲定的聯合聲明，根據該聲明，美國對原產於歐盟的貨品維持 15% 關稅。這些跨大西洋安排包括保障機制，預計將維持有效至 2029 年 12 月 31 日。

Stakeholder positioning reveals a divergence in strategic outlooks. While the EU seeks a 'level playing field,' Chinese officials, including spokesperson Guo Jiakun, maintain that the bloc's economic challenges are not attributable to China. Analysts suggest that Beijing's previous resilience against U.S. tariffs and its control over rare earth supply chains may reduce its inclination to offer concessions. Furthermore, a report from Tsinghua University identifies the potential for a 'wolf pack effect,' wherein coordinated protectionist measures from multiple nations could degrade China's strategic international standing.

利害關係人的定位揭示了戰略展望的分歧。雖然歐盟追求「公平競爭環境」，但包括發言人郭佳坤在內的中國官員維持認為，歐盟的經濟挑戰並非歸因於中國。分析師指出，北京先前對抗美國關稅的韌性及其對稀土供應鏈的控制，可能會降低其做出讓步的傾向。此外，清華大學的一份報告指出，可能出現「狼群效應」，即多國協調的保護主義措施可能會降低中國的國際戰略地位。

The European Union is currently pursuing a dual strategy of industrial protectionism toward China and trade liberalization with the United States.

歐盟目前正採取雙軌策略：對中國實施工業保護主義，同時與美國推動貿易自由化。