The US Says No to the International Criminal Court

A2

The US Says No to the International Criminal Court

美國拒絕國際刑事法院


Introduction

Todd Blanche is a leader in the US government. He told the International Criminal Court (ICC) that the US will not follow its rules.

Todd Blanche 是美國政府的領導者。他告訴國際刑事法院 (ICC),美國將不會遵守其規則。

Main Body

The US did not sign the ICC agreement. Because of this, the US says the court cannot judge American people. A law from 2002 says the US will not help the court.

美國沒有簽署國際刑事法院的協議。因此,美國表示該法院不能審判美國人。2002年的一項法律規定美國不會協助該法院。

The US is angry at the ICC. The US gave money punishments to some court workers. This happened because the court wanted to investigate the US and its friends, like Israel.

美國對國際刑事法院感到憤怒。美國對部分法院職員實施了金錢處罰。這是因為該法院想要調查美國及其盟友,例如以色列。

Some judges from the court are now sad and angry. They went to a US court to fight. The US says the ICC is not fair. The ICC says it must stop big crimes in the world.

該法院的一些法官現在感到悲傷且憤怒。他們前往美國法院進行訴訟。美國表示國際刑事法院不公正。國際刑事法院則表示其必須阻止世界上的重大罪行。

Conclusion

The US will not work with the ICC. The US believes only American courts can judge American people.

美國不會與國際刑事法院合作。美國相信只有美國法院能審判美國人。

Vocabulary Learning

⚡ The 'Will Not' Pattern

In this story, we see a strong pattern to talk about future refusals (things people decide they won't do).

The Rule: Will not + Action \rightarrow I refuse to do this.

Examples from the text:

  • The US will not follow its rules. \rightarrow (They refuse to follow).
  • The US will not help the court. \rightarrow (They refuse to help).
  • The US will not work with the ICC. \rightarrow (They refuse to work).

🧩 Useful 'Feeling' Words

To reach A2, you need to describe how people feel. The text uses three simple words to show a conflict:

  1. Angry (Strong bad feeling) \rightarrow The US is angry.
  2. Sad (Low energy bad feeling) \rightarrow Judges are now sad.
  3. Fair (Correct/Right) \rightarrow The ICC is not fair.

Quick Tip: Use is/are + feeling word to describe a person or a country.

Vocabulary Learning

leader (n.)
A person who manages or controls a group or organization.
Example:The team leader helps everyone finish the project.
agreement (n.)
A decision or promise made between two or more people or countries.
Example:The two countries signed a peace agreement.
judge (v.)
To decide if someone is guilty or innocent of a crime.
Example:The judge will decide the punishment for the crime.
punishments (n.)
Things done to someone to punish them for doing something wrong.
Example:The teacher gave the students punishments for talking in class.
investigate (v.)
To look at a problem or a crime carefully to find the truth.
Example:The police will investigate the car accident.
crimes (n.)
Illegal actions that are punished by law.
Example:Stealing a car is one of the worst crimes.
B2

The United States Formally Rejects the Authority of the International Criminal Court

美國正式拒絕承認國際刑事法院的權威


Introduction

Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche has informed the International Criminal Court (ICC) that the United States will not recognize the court's power over its citizens and will not agree to its requests to hand over suspects.

代理總檢察長 Todd Blanche 已通知國際刑事法院 (ICC),美國將不承認該法院對其公民的權力,且不會同意移交嫌疑人的請求。

Main Body

This diplomatic position is based on the fact that the United States has not signed the Rome Statute. Acting Attorney General Blanche emphasized that the ICC has no legal authority over U.S. citizens anywhere in the world. He argued that any attempt to use such power would violate U.S. national sovereignty. This stance is supported by the American Servicemembers' Protection Act of 2002, which forbids cooperation with the court and allows the government to take action to free detained U.S. personnel.

這一外交立場是基於美國尚未簽署《羅馬規約》的事實。代理總檢察長 Blanche 強調,ICC 在全球任何地方對美國公民都沒有法律權限。他主張,任何嘗試使用此類權力的行為都將違反美國國家主權。這一立場得到了 2002 年《美國軍人保護法》的支持,該法禁止與該法院合作,並允許政府採取行動釋放被拘留的美國人員。

Historically, the U.S. has always been skeptical of the ICC, but the current administration has increased this pressure by using economic sanctions. These penalties target court officials and organizations that help with investigations into U.S. allies, especially Israel. Consequently, tensions have grown because the ICC has issued arrest warrants for Israeli leaders and claims it can investigate crimes committed in member states, regardless of the nationality of the person involved.

從歷史上看,美國一直對 ICC 持懷疑態度,但現任政府透過經濟制裁增加了壓力。這些制裁針對協助調查美國盟友(特別是以色列)的法院官員及組織。因此,由於 ICC 已對以色列領導人發出逮捕令,並聲稱無論涉事人員國籍為何,只要是在成員國境內 commit 的犯罪均可調查,導致緊張局勢加劇。

Furthermore, institutional conflicts have increased after three ICC judges filed a lawsuit in a New York federal court. They claim that U.S. sanctions are an attempt to force the court to change its behavior. While the U.S. government describes the ICC as a political body that lacks accountability, supporters of the court argue that international systems are necessary when national courts are unable or unwilling to prosecute serious international crimes.

此外,在三名 ICC 法官於紐約聯邦法院提起訴訟後,體制衝突進一步增加。他們聲稱美國的制裁是企圖強迫法院改變其行為。儘管美國政府將 ICC 描述為一個缺乏問責制的政治實體,但法院的支持者認為,當國家法院無法或不願起訴嚴重國際犯罪時,國際體系是必要的。

Conclusion

The United States continues to follow a policy of non-cooperation with the ICC, insisting that legal authority over its citizens belongs only to domestic courts.

美國將繼續採取不合作政策,堅持對其公民的法律權限僅屬於國內法院。

Vocabulary Learning

🚀 The 'B2 Jump': Moving from Simple Facts to Complex Ideas

At an A2 level, you describe what happened. To reach B2, you must describe how and why things happen using Connecting Logic.

🧠 The Power of 'Cause and Effect' Connectors

Look at this sentence from the text:

"Consequently, tensions have grown because the ICC has issued arrest warrants..."

An A2 student would use two simple sentences: "The ICC issued warrants. Tensions grew." That is clear, but it sounds like a child. A B2 speaker connects these ideas to show a relationship.

The Toolkit for Sophistication:

  1. Consequently \rightarrow Use this instead of "So". It signals a formal result.

    • Example: I forgot my passport; consequently, I missed my flight.
  2. Regardless of \rightarrow This is a B2 powerhouse phrase. It means "it doesn't matter what..."

    • Example: The rule applies to everyone, regardless of their age.
  3. Unable or unwilling \rightarrow Notice the pairing of adjectives. Instead of saying "they can't or they don't want to," use this professional structure.

🛠️ Vocabulary Shift: 'Power' vs. 'Authority'

In A2, we use the word "power" for everything. In B2, we differentiate:

  • Power: Physical or general strength. (The engine has a lot of power.)
  • Authority: The legal right to give orders. (The court has no legal authority over citizens.)

Pro Tip: When talking about law, government, or bosses, swap "power" for "authority" to instantly sound more advanced.

⚡ Quick Logic Map

  • A2 Logic: This happened \rightarrow Then that happened.
  • B2 Logic: This happened \rightarrow Consequently \rightarrow That happened, regardless of the previous attempts to stop it.

Vocabulary Learning

recognize (v.)
To accept the legal validity or authority of a person, government, or organization.
Example:The government refuses to recognize the new regime as the legitimate leader of the country.
sovereignty (n.)
The power of a country to control its own government without interference from outside sources.
Example:The nation fought a long war to maintain its national sovereignty.
skeptical (adj.)
Having doubts; not easily convinced of something.
Example:Many scientists remain skeptical about the new discovery until more evidence is provided.
sanctions (n.)
Official orders or penalties imposed by one country on another to force them to obey international law.
Example:The UN imposed economic sanctions on the country to stop its nuclear program.
consequently (adv.)
As a result of something that has happened.
Example:He failed to study for the exam; consequently, he received a low grade.
accountability (n.)
The requirement for individuals or organizations to explain their actions and accept responsibility for them.
Example:There is a growing demand for greater accountability among public officials.
prosecute (v.)
To take legal action against someone in a court of law.
Example:The district attorney decided to prosecute the suspect for fraud.
domestic (adj.)
Relating to the internal affairs of a specific country, rather than international ones.
Example:The president is focusing on domestic issues like healthcare and education.
C2

The United States Formalizes Rejection of International Criminal Court Jurisdiction

美國正式拒絕承認國際刑事法院管轄權


Introduction

Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche has communicated to the International Criminal Court (ICC) that the United States will not recognize the tribunal's authority over its citizens or comply with its extradition requests.

代理司法部長 Todd Blanche 已告知國際刑事法院 (ICC),美國將不承認該法庭對其公民的權力,亦不會配合其引渡要求。

Main Body

The current diplomatic posture is predicated upon the United States' status as a non-signatory to the Rome Statute. Acting Attorney General Blanche asserts that the ICC lacks jurisdiction over U.S. nationals globally, characterizing any attempt to exercise such authority as an infringement upon national sovereignty. This position is legally anchored in the American Servicemembers' Protection Act of 2002, which prohibits cooperation with the court and authorizes executive measures to secure the release of detained U.S. personnel.

目前的外交姿態是基於美國非《羅馬規約》簽署國的身份。代理司法部長 Blanche 主張 ICC 對全球美國國民缺乏管轄權,並將任何行使此類權力的嘗試定格為對國家主權的侵犯。此立場在法律上錨定於 2002 年的《美國軍人保護法》,該法禁止與法院合作,並授權採取行政措施以確保被拘留的美國人員獲釋。

Historically, the U.S. has maintained a consistent skepticism toward the ICC, though the current administration has intensified this approach through the imposition of economic sanctions. These penalties have targeted court officials and entities—including Palestinian rights organizations—alleged to be facilitating investigations into U.S. allies, specifically Israel. This friction is exacerbated by the ICC's issuance of arrest warrants for Israeli leadership and its assertion that it may investigate crimes committed on the territory of member states regardless of the perpetrator's nationality.

從歷史上看,美國對 ICC 一直保持一致的懷疑態度,儘管現任政府透過實施經濟制裁強化了這一做法。這些處罰針對法院官員和實體——包括巴勒斯坦權利組織——據稱他們在協助調查美國盟友,特別是以色列。由於 ICC 發布了針對以色列領導層的逮捕令,並聲稱無論犯罪者國籍為何,只要是在成員國領土內 commit 的罪行,其均有權調查,這使得摩擦更加劇烈。

Institutional tensions have further escalated following a lawsuit filed in a Manhattan federal court by three ICC judges, who contend that U.S. sanctions constitute an attempt to exert extrajudicial coercion. While the U.S. administration characterizes the ICC as an unaccountable body driven by political imperatives and selective enforcement, proponents of the court argue that such international mechanisms are essential when domestic judicial systems are unable or unwilling to prosecute grave international crimes.

在三名 ICC 法官於曼哈頓聯邦法院提起訴訟後,體制間的緊張局勢進一步升級,他們認為美國的制裁構成一種企圖施加法外強權的行為。雖然美國政府將 ICC 形容為一個不受問責、由政治需求和選擇性執法驅動的機構,但法院的支持者認為,當國內司法系統無法或不願起訴嚴重國際罪行時,此類國際機制至關重要。

Conclusion

The United States remains committed to a policy of non-cooperation with the ICC, maintaining that its judicial authority is vested exclusively in domestic courts.

美國仍致力於不與 ICC 合作的政策,堅持其司法權限僅由國內法院行使。

Vocabulary Learning

The Architecture of 'Diplomatic Distance'

To transition from B2 (functional fluency) to C2 (mastery), a student must move beyond simple vocabulary and enter the realm of register-specific nuance. The provided text is a masterclass in Formal Legalistic Detachment.

⚡ The Phenomenon: Nominalization as a Tool of Authority

C2 speakers do not just 'describe' actions; they 'conceptualize' them. Look at the phrase: "The current diplomatic posture is predicated upon..."

  • B2 approach: "The US is doing this because they didn't sign the treaty."
  • C2 approach: "The posture is predicated upon the status as a non-signatory."

By transforming verbs (predicate, sign) into nouns (posture, status, non-signatory), the writer removes the 'human' element and replaces it with an 'institutional' weight. This creates an aura of objectivity and inevitability.

🔍 Precision Lexis: The 'C2 Bridge'

Observe the specific semantic choices that elevate the text from a news report to a formal declaration:

  • "Extrajudicial coercion": Instead of saying 'illegal pressure,' the author uses coercion (a stronger, more specific term for force) and extrajudicial (precise legal terminology meaning 'outside the court system').
  • "Vested exclusively": A high-level collocation. Power is not just 'kept' or 'held'; it is vested (assigned by law).
  • "Political imperatives": A sophisticated alternative to 'political reasons.' An imperative is an unavoidable obligation, suggesting the ICC is driven by necessity rather than choice.

🛠 Linguistic Pivot: The Use of Passive/Static Constructions

Note the sentence: "This friction is exacerbated by..."

In B2 English, the subject is usually the agent (e.g., "The ICC's warrants made the friction worse"). At the C2 level, we focus on the state of affairs. By making friction the subject, the writer emphasizes the condition of the relationship rather than the actions of the individuals. This is the hallmark of academic and high-level diplomatic writing: the depersonalization of conflict.

Vocabulary Learning

predicated (v.)
Based on or founded on a specific set of assumptions or conditions.
Example:The company's growth strategy is predicated upon the assumption that consumer spending will increase next quarter.
infringement (n.)
The action of violating or breaking a law, agreement, or a person's rights.
Example:The new regulation was seen as an infringement on the privacy of individual citizens.
exacerbated (v.)
Made a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse.
Example:The lack of rain exacerbated the existing water shortage in the region.
extrajudicial (adj.)
Occurring outside of the legal system or without the permission of a court.
Example:Human rights organizations condemned the extrajudicial detention of the political prisoners.
coercion (n.)
The practice of persuading someone to do something by forcing them, often through threats.
Example:The confession was deemed inadmissible in court because it was obtained through psychological coercion.
imperatives (n.)
Factors or requirements that make a particular action necessary or unavoidable.
Example:Economic imperatives forced the government to implement austerity measures to avoid bankruptcy.
vested (adj.)
Fixed or settled; specifically, when a right or power is legally granted to a person or entity.
Example:The authority to grant pardons is vested in the President of the United States.
Practice All words in a crossword
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