The United States and China both want to send people to the Moon. They want to build houses and stations there.

美國和中國都想將人送上月球，他們想在那裡建造房屋和車站。

The US wants to land people by 2028. China wants to land people by 2030. This is a new space race. China is very good at space travel and has sent robots to the Moon.

美國希望在 2028 年前將人送上月球。中國則希望在 2030 年前實現。這是一場新的太空競賽。中國在太空旅行方面表現優異，並已將機器人送往月球。

NASA has a plan called Artemis. First, they will test technology in space. Then, they will send a car and tools to the Moon in 2027. Finally, people will live on the Moon.

NASA 有一個名為 Artemis 的計劃。首先，他們將在太空測試技術。接著，他們將在 2027 年將車輛與工具送往月球。最後，人類將在月球上生活。

China says they want to work with other countries. But the US has a law. This law says the US cannot work with China. So, China is working with Russia to build a station on the Moon.

中國表示他們希望與其他國家合作。但美國有一項法律，規定美國不能與中國合作。因此，中國正與俄羅斯合作在月球上建造車站。

The Moon is a place to learn. This helps people go to Mars in the future.

月球是一個學習之地，這有助於人類未來前往火星。

The United States and China are currently competing to land astronauts on the Moon and build permanent bases in space.

美國與中國目前正在競爭將太空人送上月球，並在太空建立永久基地。

The current situation in lunar exploration is a race between the US and China. NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman emphasized that the gap between the US goal of 2028 and China's goal of 2030 is very small. He described this as a modern space race. However, unlike the Cold War, China already has strong technical skills, which is proven by their successful robotic missions to the Moon.

目前的月球探索情況是美國與中國之間的一場競賽。NASA 局長 Jared Isaacman 強調，美國 2028 年的目標與中國 2030 年的目標之間，差距非常小。他將此形容為一場現代太空競賽。然而，與冷戰時期不同，中國已經擁有強大的技術能力，其成功的月球機器人任務便證明了這一點。

To gain an advantage, NASA is using a step-by-step plan called the Artemis program. After the Artemis II flyby, the agency will use Artemis III to test important technologies. Consequently, this will lead to the Artemis IV mission, which aims to put humans back on the lunar surface by 2028. The US strategy focuses on moving from simple demonstrations to creating a lasting presence. Furthermore, NASA plans to increase launch activities in 2027 to send a lunar vehicle and basic infrastructure before the astronauts arrive.

為了取得優勢，NASA 正採用一個名為「阿提米絲計畫」的逐步方案。在 Artemis II 繞飛之後，該機構將利用 Artemis III 測試關鍵技術。因此，這將導向 Artemis IV 任務，目標是在 2028 年前將人類重新送回月球表面。美國的策略重點在於從簡單的演示轉向建立持久的存在。此外，NASA 計劃在 2027 年增加發射活動，在太空人抵達前先派遣月球車與基礎設施。

There are also significant differences in diplomacy and law. While the Chinese government has denied that there is a race and has called for international cooperation, the US cannot legally work with the Chinese space agency because of the 2011 Wolf Amendment. As a result, China has strengthened its relationship with Russia. This partnership led to a 2021 agreement to build the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), which will include a power station on the Moon.

在外交與法律方面也存在顯著差異。雖然中國政府否認存在競賽並呼籲國際合作，但美國由於 2011 年的《沃夫修正案》，在法律上無法與中國航天局合作。結果，中國強化了與俄羅斯的關係。此夥伴關係促成了 2021 年的一項協議，將共同建立國際月球研究站 (ILRS)，其中將包括一座月球發電站。

The Moon is being used as a testing ground for long-term living and as a necessary first step before humans attempt to travel to Mars.

月球正被用作長期居住的試驗場，也是人類嘗試前往火星前必要的首要步驟。

The United States and China are currently engaged in a competitive effort to achieve crewed lunar landings and establish permanent extraterrestrial infrastructure.

美國與中國目前正致力於競爭，目標是實現載人登月並建立永久的外太空基礎設施。

The current geopolitical dynamic in lunar exploration is characterized by a narrow temporal window between the competing objectives of the United States and China. NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman has posited that the disparity between the U.S. target of 2028 and the Chinese objective of 2030 is negligible, framing the situation as a contemporary space race. Unlike the Cold War era, the current competition involves a counterpart with established technical proficiency, as evidenced by China's successful robotic lunar missions.

目前的月球探索地緣政治動態，其特點在於美國與中國競爭目標之間的時間窗口非常狹窄。NASA 局長 Jared Isaacman 認為，美國 2028 年的目標與中國 2030 年的目標之間的差距可以忽略不計，將此情況定調為當代的太空競賽。與冷戰時代不同，目前的競爭對手已具備成熟的技術能力，中國成功的機器人登月任務即證明了這一點。

To secure a strategic advantage, NASA is implementing a phased operational approach via the Artemis program. Following the crewed lunar flyby of Artemis II, the agency intends to utilize Artemis III for the verification of critical technologies in Earth orbit. This sequence is designed to facilitate the Artemis IV mission, which aims to return humans to the lunar surface by 2028. The U.S. strategy emphasizes the transition from symbolic demonstrations to the establishment of a sustainable presence. This involves a projected surge in launch activity during 2027 to deploy a lunar terrain vehicle and foundational infrastructure prior to human arrival.

為了獲取戰略優勢，NASA 正透過 Artemis 計畫實施分階段的操作方法。在 Artemis II 載人繞月之後，該機構打算利用 Artemis III 在地球軌道驗證關鍵技術。此序列旨在為 Artemis IV 任務鋪路，目標是在 2028 年前將人類送回月球表面。美國的戰略重點在於從象徵性的演示轉向建立可持續的駐在。這包括預計在 2027 年大幅增加發射活動，以便在人類到達前部署月球地形車與基礎設施。

Stakeholder positioning reveals a divergence in diplomatic rhetoric and legal frameworks. While the Chinese Foreign Ministry has formally denied the existence of a competitive race, advocating instead for international cooperation, the U.S. remains legally precluded from collaborating with the Chinese space agency due to the 2011 Wolf Amendment. Consequently, China has pursued a rapprochement with Russia, culminating in the 2021 agreement to develop the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), which includes plans for a lunar power station.

利益相關者的定位顯示，外交措辭與法律框架存在分歧。雖然中國外交部正式否認存在競爭競賽，反而主張國際合作，但美國受限於 2011 年的《沃爾夫修正案》，在法律上被禁止與中國航天局合作。因此，中國採取與俄羅斯接洽的方針，最終在 2021 年達成協議，共同開發國際月球研究站 (ILRS)，其中包含建立月球電站的計劃。

The Moon is being utilized as a developmental site for long-term habitation and a technological precursor to future crewed missions to Mars.

月球正被用作長期居住的開發場地，以及未來載人火星任務的技術前導。