The United States and Iran are fighting again. They attacked ships in the sea. Now, their peace agreement is in danger.

美國與伊朗再次發生衝突。他們攻擊了海上的船隻，現在兩國的和平協議面臨危機。

On Monday and Tuesday, three big ships had problems. Drones and missiles hit them near Oman. The US says Iran did this. The US military then attacked Iranian drones and radar sites.

在週一與週二，三艘大船遭遇問題。無人機與飛彈在阿曼附近擊中了它們。美國表示這是伊朗所為。隨後美國軍方攻擊了伊朗的無人機與雷達站。

In June, the two countries had a deal. The US let Iran sell oil. Now, the US stopped this deal because of the attacks. Iran is angry. They say the US broke the rules first.

六月時，兩國達成了一項協議。美國允許伊朗銷售石油。現在由於這些攻擊，美國停止了這項協議。伊朗對此感到憤怒，稱是美國先違反規則。

Iran wants ships to pay money to pass through the water. The US and other countries say no. They want the water to be free for all ships.

伊朗希望船隻在通過該水域時支付費用。美國與其他國家表示不同意，他們希望該水域對所有船隻均免費開放。

Iran is also sad because their leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, died. They had a funeral this week. Iran says they will not talk to the US if the US continues to threaten them.

伊朗也處於悲痛之中，因為他們的領袖哈梅內伊（Ayatollah Ali Khamenei）去世了。他們本週舉行了葬禮。伊朗表示，如果美國繼續威脅他們，他們將不會與美國對話。

The situation in the sea is very dangerous. The peace deal might end.

海上的情況非常危險，和平協議可能會結束。

The United States and Iran are facing a new wave of military conflict after attacks on commercial ships in the Strait of Hormuz, which have put a fragile ceasefire agreement at risk.

在霍爾穆茲海峽發生針對商船的攻擊後，美國與伊朗面臨新一波軍事衝突，導致脆弱的停火協議面臨風險。

The current instability is caused by several military attacks in the Strait of Hormuz. Between Monday and Tuesday, three commercial ships—including a Qatari gas carrier and a Saudi tanker—were damaged by missiles and drones. These attacks happened near the coast of Oman. The United States claims that Iranian forces carried out these strikes because the ships were using unauthorized routes. In response, U.S. Central Command launched attacks against Iranian air defenses and drone sites to punish the disruption of international shipping.

目前的動盪是由於霍爾穆茲海峽發生的幾次軍事攻擊所引起。在週一至週二之間，三艘商船——包括一艘卡達天然氣運輸船和一艘沙烏地阿拉伯油輪——遭到飛彈和無人機攻擊。這些攻擊發生在阿曼海岸附近。美國聲稱伊朗軍方發動了這些襲擊，因為船隻使用了未經授權的航線。作為回應，美國中央司令部對伊朗的防空系統和無人機據點發起攻擊，以懲戒其擾亂國際航運的行為。

This military escalation has also led to a serious diplomatic break regarding the 'Islamabad Understanding,' an agreement signed in June. This deal created a 60-day window for negotiations and a temporary ceasefire, which included allowing Iran to sell some oil despite sanctions. However, after the ship attacks, the U.S. Treasury cancelled this permission. The U.S. government emphasized that these economic benefits depended on Iran following the rules. On the other hand, the Iranian Foreign Ministry asserted that the U.S. violated the agreement by removing sanctions relief and launching military strikes.

這次軍事升級還導致關於六月簽署的《伊斯蘭巴德諒解》出現嚴重外交破裂。該協議創造了 60 天的談判窗口和臨時停火，其中包括允許伊朗在制裁下銷售部分石油。然而，在船隻遇襲後，美國財政部取消了此項許可。美國政府強調，這些經濟利益取決於伊朗是否遵守規則。另一方面，伊朗外交部則堅稱美國取消制裁寬限並發動軍事打擊，違反了協議。

Furthermore, there is a deep disagreement over how the Strait of Hormuz should be managed. Iran wants to create a permanent system where ships must register with Tehran and pay transit fees. However, the U.S. and several Gulf states reject this, insisting that the strait must remain open for all international ships. Meanwhile, Iran has been holding a week-long funeral for the late Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. While diplomatic talks were paused for these ceremonies, Iranian officials stated that negotiations will not start again as long as the U.S. administration continues to make threats.

此外，關於霍爾穆茲海峽的管理方式，雙方存在深層分歧。伊朗希望建立一個永久制度，要求船隻必須向德黑蘭登記並支付過境費。然而，美國和幾個海灣國家拒絕此方案，堅持海峽必須對所有國際船隻開放。與此同時，伊朗正為已故最高領袖阿里·哈梅內伊舉行為期一週的喪禮。雖然外交談判因喪禮儀式而暫停，但伊朗官員表示，只要美國政府繼續發出威脅，談判將不會重新開始。

The security situation in the Strait of Hormuz remains dangerous, and it is now uncertain if the temporary peace agreement can survive.

霍爾穆茲海峽的安全局勢依然危險，目前尚不確定臨時和平協議是否能倖存。

The United States and Iran have experienced a resurgence of military conflict following attacks on commercial vessels in the Strait of Hormuz, jeopardizing a fragile ceasefire agreement.

美國與伊朗在霍爾木茲海峽發生商船遇襲事件後，軍事衝突再次爆發，威脅到脆弱的停火協議。

The current instability is characterized by a series of kinetic engagements within the Strait of Hormuz. Between Monday and Tuesday, three commercial vessels—including the Qatari LNG carrier Al Rekayyat and the Saudi-flagged tanker Wedyan—sustained damage from projectiles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). These incidents occurred primarily near the Omani coastline, a region where Oman has proposed an alternative transit corridor. The United States attributes these strikes to Iranian forces, asserting that Tehran targeted vessels utilizing non-approved routes. In response, U.S. Central Command commenced a series of strikes against Iranian air defense systems, coastal surveillance, and drone launch sites to impose costs for the disruption of international navigation.

目前的動盪特徵是一系列在霍爾木茲海峽內發生的軍事交火。在週一至週二之間，三艘商船——包括卡တာ液化天然氣運輸船 Al Rekayyat 和沙烏地阿拉伯旗號的油輪 Wedyan——遭到飛彈與無人機（UAV）襲擊而受損。這些事件主要發生在阿曼海岸線附近，而阿曼曾建議在該地區建立替代過境走廊。美國將這些襲擊歸咎於伊朗軍方，聲稱德黑蘭針對的是利用非核准航道的船隻。作為回應，美國中央司令部對伊朗的防空系統、海岸監視與無人機發射場展開了一系列襲擊，旨在讓伊朗為擾亂國際航行付出代價。

This military escalation coincides with a significant diplomatic rupture regarding the 'Islamabad Understanding,' a memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed in June. The agreement established a 60-day negotiating window and a temporary ceasefire, including a waiver of sanctions on Iranian oil sales. Following the maritime attacks, the U.S. Treasury revoked this waiver, accelerating the wind-down period to July 17. The administration characterized the MOU as 'performance-based,' stating that economic concessions were contingent upon Iranian compliance. Conversely, the Iranian Foreign Ministry alleged that the revocation of sanctions relief and the subsequent military strikes constitute major violations of the agreement.

此次軍事升級正值關於「伊斯蘭堡諒解備忘錄」的嚴重外交破裂，該備忘錄於六月簽署。該協議確立了一個 60 天的談判窗口和臨時停火，包括豁免對伊朗石油銷售的制裁。在海上襲擊之後，美國財政部撤銷了此項豁免，將結束期提前至 7 月 17 日。美國政府將該備忘錄定性為「基於表現」，表示經濟讓步取決於伊朗的合規情況。相反，伊朗外交部指稱撤銷制裁豁免及隨後的軍事襲擊構成對協議的重大違約。

Stakeholder positioning reveals a fundamental disagreement over the administration of the Strait of Hormuz. Iran seeks to establish a permanent regulatory framework, including the imposition of transit fees and the requirement for vessels to register with Tehran. The United States and several Gulf states reject these proposals, maintaining that the strait must remain open for free international navigation. This geopolitical friction has extended to other maritime chokepoints, with some market participants expressing concern that an Iranian toll system could establish a precedent for similar measures in the Strait of Malacca.

利益相關者的立場顯示，雙方在霍爾木茲海峽的管理上存在根本分歧。伊朗尋求建立一個永久性的監管框架，包括徵收過境費以及要求船隻向德黑蘭登記。美國與數個海灣國家拒絕這些建議，堅持海峽必須保持開放，以維持國際航行的自由。這種地緣政治摩擦已延伸至其他海上咽喉要道，部分市場參與者擔心，伊朗的收費制度可能會為馬六甲海峽採取類似措施開創先例。

Concurrent with these hostilities, Iran has been observing a week-long funeral for the late Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who was killed during the initial phase of the conflict on February 28. Diplomatic negotiations were paused to accommodate these ceremonies. However, the mourning period has been marked by public calls for vengeance against U.S. leadership, while Iranian officials have stated that negotiations will not resume as long as threats from the Trump administration persist.

與這些敵對行動同時，伊朗一直在為 2 月 28 日衝突初期被殺的已故最高領袖阿里·哈梅內大阿亞圖拉舉行為期一週的葬禮。外交談判曾暫停以配合這些儀式。然而，喪期內出現了要求對美國領導層復仇的公開呼籲，而伊朗官員則表示，只要川普政府的威脅持續存在，談判將不會恢復。

The security environment in the Strait of Hormuz remains severe, with the viability of the interim peace agreement currently in question.

霍爾木茲海峽的安全環境依然嚴峻，臨時和平協議的可行性目前存疑。